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endocrine disorders
Question | Answer |
---|---|
What two glands work together to regulate the endocrine system? | hypothalamus and pituitary |
What does the hypothalamus do? | Produces hormones that stimulate or inhibit the secretion from the anterior pituitary |
What hormones does the hypothalamus release? | Corticotropin, Thyrotropin, Growth hormone, Gonadotropic, Prolactin, Somatostatin and prolactin |
What hormones does the anterior pituitary secrete? | growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, adenocortcotropic hormone, Follicle stimulating hormone, Prolactin, Luteinizing hormone, Melanocyte stimulating hormone |
What hormones does the anterior pituitary secrete? | Anti-diuretic and oxytocin |
What is the function of the adrenal gland? | secrete steroids (Glucocorticoids, Mineralocorticoids, Androgens), secretes epi, responds to stress and prolongs effects of SNS |
What is the main difference between Cushing's disease and Addison's disease? | Cushing's- excess corticosteriods (glucocorticoids) Addison's- inefficiency of all 3 corticosteriods |
What is the medical management for Addisonian Crisis? | hydrocortisone, IV fluid replacment |
What are TX options? | Transphenoidal hypophysectomy, adrenalectomy, radiation, Nizoral and Cytraden (inhibit corticoid synthesis) |
What are the possible complications from a transphenodial hypophysectomy? | meningitis, diabetes insipidus, CFS leakage |
What conditions are associated with hyperpituitarism? | Giantism-over growth of long bones, takes place before the epiphyses close. Acromegaly- over growth of long bones and soft tissue, happens after epiphyses close |
What are the TX options for acromegaly? | radiation, Somatostatin analogs – reduces GH levels Somavert - GH receptor antagonist alternative to above drug, transphenoidal hypophysectomy |
What is Diabetes Insipidus? | Deficiency of ADH, resulting in water loss |
What are the different types of DI? | Central DI-lesion in the brain, Nephronic DI-decrease response by the Kidney, Psychogenic DI-structural lesion in thirst center or pschological disorder |
What are the clinical manifestations for DI? | Polyuria, polydypsia, dilute urine (sp gravity- 1.001-1.005, 5-20 L output per day), increased serum osmolality |
What meds are used for CDI? | Desmopressin Acetate and Vasopressin |
What meds are used for NDI? | Thiazides and low salt diet |
How do Thiazides work? | They slow kidney infiltration rate to allow the kidney to reabsorb more water |
What is the disorder associated w excessive amounts of ADH, resulting in water imbalance? | SIAH, Syndrome of Inappropriate Anit-diuretic Hormone |
What are the results of SIAH? | water intoxication, circulatory overload, cerebral edema, electrolyte dilution |
What typically causes SIAH? | small cell lung CA |