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ch 3, 4, 8, & 12
Pt. Care final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Radiation is heat loss mechanism described as | loss of heat from the patients body to the environment |
| The caloric requirements of infants is increased by _______ with a major operation | 20-30% |
| Eupena is defined as | Normal breathing |
| According to the life task approach, at what age must the individual adjust to changes in body structure and size | adolescent |
| A pt is obese if their body weight is ____ or greater than ideal body weight | 100lbs |
| Individuals age and change. The study of______ attempts it identify, quantify, and describe these changes | Human development |
| Blunt trauma results from all the following forces EXCEPT | gunshot wound |
| Conduction is a heat loss mechanism described as | loss of heat from pts body into a cooler surface |
| Most common skin prep in the OR is | abdominal and thoracoabdominal |
| For preparation of these areas, a piece of sterile plastic sheeting may be used for protection | Eyes, ears, face, and nose |
| Geriatric pts are those in a specific age group, usually over the age of | 65 y/o |
| Which of the following is not one of the three definitions of death | Hepatic |
| A pt undergoing surgery for a hemithorax would be placed in what position | lateral |
| for this skin prep, an assistant should don sterile gloves to facilitate prepping and a moisture proof pad may be placed to collect excess solution | extremity |
| Which position is a modification of the Fowler's position | Sitting |
| When does the surgeon and surgical assistant begin the surgical scrub | when the circulator begins the pts skin prep |
| The Sims position is the preferred position for | Endoscopy |
| To cleanse the urethral meatus for insertion of the urinary catheter, the _________ of the female pts should be retracted with the non-dominant hand | labia |
| What is one of the more dangerous instruments used intraoperatively | scalpel |
| Normal blood pressure values for an adult is a systolic of _____ and a diastolic of ____ | less than 120; less than 80 |
| The most effective means for maintaining body temperature for pts 2 yrs and younger is | wrapped and covered extremities |
| What means of monitoring blood pressure is used in some critically ill pts, especially in the OR setting, that provides constant, accurate data | intra-arterial BP monitor |
| Convection is a heat loss mechanism described as | loss of heat into air currents |
| The pulse may be felt in any point of the bony that has near surface arteries and bony understructures. There are _____ pulse points in the body | 8 |
| BP is usually expressed as two numbers, diastole refers to | the relaxation phase of the heart |
| The general boundaries for a hip procedure prep are | abdomen on affected side, entire leg and foot, buttocks to the table line groin, and pubis |
| What is the most commonly used size catheter | 14 & 16 French |
| The areas to be prepped will include the shoulder, the upper arm and extending down to the elbow, the axilla and the chest to the table line and the the shoulder opposite from the affected side | chest and breast |
| A change in blood temperature as little as ____ signals the body to increase heat production | 0.04* |
| Cheyne-Stokes is defined as | fast, deep breaths for a period of time, followed by 20-60 seconds of apnea |
| which of the following is not a consideration when choosing a skin prep agent | cost |
| the dorsal recumbent position is also called | supine |
| To access the retroperitoneal space the patient should be placed in what position | Kidney |
| Bradypnea is a pattern of breathing defined as | slow, even respirations |
| All of the following facilitate drainage of urine EXCEPT | the collection unit is placed above the level of the bladder |
| What type of instruments would not be passed with a slight "snap" into the surgeons palm | microsurgical |
| The kraske position would be used for what surgical procedure | hemorrhoidectomy |
| All of the following are general categories of causes of death EXCEPT | regressed |
| To fill a 15cc balloon on a catheter it would require | 30cc's |
| The desired position for surgical procedure on the dorsal body surface would be? | Prone |
| The immunocompromised status of a pt can be influenced by many factors. Which of the following is not a factor? | Autoimmune disease |
| Body regions that may be accessed with the pt in Trendelenburg position include | The pelvis and lower abdominal |
| Respiration is triggerd whenever the ____ level in the blood increases | CO2 |
| What operative tool should be checked for cleanliness and cleaned if necessary each time it is used | electrosurgical pencil |
| The balloon on a urinary catheter is inflated with | sterile water |
| The ideal position for catheterization of the female patient is | frog-legged |
| The general boundaries for hand procedure preps are | entire arm, shoulder, axilla, including hand |
| BP is usually expressed as two numbers, the higher of the numbers is called the _____ BP reading | systolic |
| The two common types of shock in all age groups | hypovolemic; septic |
| ________ defines who and what one truly believes about one self | self concept |
| BP is usually expressed as two numbers, the lower of the number is called ____ BP reading | Diastolic |
| Which of the following is not true regarding hair and the surgical prep | Hair most likely wont interfere with the surgical site and should not be shaved to avoid microbial growth in any breaks in skin surface caused by its removal |
| Before transporting a pt, what need to be done | All, pt should be correctly id'd side rails need to be up, pt should be covered with a warm blanker |
| Kussmaul's breathing pattern is defined as | fast, deep, labored breaths over 20 per minute |
| Apnea is defined as | no breathing |
| Self-contained units shown to have a long lasting antimicrobial effect and leave an antimicrobial film on the skin | single-use application |
| Tachypnea is defined as | rapid breaths that rise with body temperature |
| Which catheter is most commonly used | foley |
| The general boundaries for shoulder prep are | base of neck, shoulder, scalpula, chest to midline, axilla, circumference of upper arm to mid humerous |
| What would be the potential hazard for a pt in reverse Trendelenburg position | venous stasis |
| The desired position for a surgical procedure of the perineum would be | lithotomy |
| After opening the sterile kit containing the urethral catheter, what should be done first | don sterile gloves using the open glove technique |
| BP is usually referred as two numbers, systole refers to | contraction phase of the heart |
| The surgical skin prop is performed on the surgical patient for all the following reasons EXCEPT | to sterilize the site of the surgical incision |
| For a pt in the supine position, the armboards should be positioned at no more than a | 90* angle |
| Which position is also called the beach chair | Fowler's |
| Drainage of urine from the urinary bladder occurs by | gravity |
| Evaporation is a heat loss mechanism described as | loss of heat via perspiration or respiration |
| Foley catheterization is considered an ______ procedure | invasive |
| This modification of the supine position is used to displace the abdominal organs caudad to provide better visualization of the surgical site | Reverse Trendelenburg |
| The postoperative phase of case management begins | with the application of the dressing |
| When performing urethral catheterization, what must be done immediately preceding and immediately following the procedure | hand washing |
| The most common artery used to measure to pulse is the | radial |
| The general boundaries for bilateral leg procedure prep are | both legs from toes to waist level |
| Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs is a model of | Human development |
| What is the minimum number of personnel needed to transport an unconscious pt from the OR | 4 |
| The function of respiration is ______ and is controlled by the ______ | involuntary; medulla oblongata |
| Where is the apical pulse point located | to the left of the sternum |
| __________ occasionally occurs due to direct pressure on the infants face by the mothers pelvis or the use of forceps | peripheral facial nerve paralysis |
| The ideal position for catheterization of the male patient is | supine |
| The general boundaries for foot and ankle procedure preps | foot and entire leg from ankle to knee |
| Normal respirations is ___ respirations for every ____ heartbeat | 1;4 |
| Catheters come in a wide variety of sizes. Pick the smallest from the following | 8 French |
| Which of the following is not an indication for urethral catheterization | urethral cyst |
| Which of the following is not a description of dysrhythmia | pulse of 60-80 bpm |
| Human body temperature is regulated by the | hypothalamus |
| Abdominal surgical procedures on the pregnant patient are best performed in the | 2nd trimester |
| The safety belt on a patient positioned supine is | 2 inch proximal to knees |
| Exposure to drugs | increases body temperature |
| Infection | increases body temperature |
| Pregnancy | increases body temperature |
| Increased physical exertion | increases body temperature |
| Stress | increases body temperature |
| Medication | increases body temperature |
| Decreased physical activity | decreases body temperature |
| Age | increases and decreases body temperature |
| Viral infections | Decreases body temperature |
| Exposure to environment heat | increases body temperature |
| Metabolism decreasing drugs | decreases body temperature |
| Depressed emotional state | decreases body temperature |
| Exposure to environmental cold | decreases body temperature |
| Provides a rapid and significant reduction in skin microbial counts | alcohol |
| Provides a longer residual effect | chlorexidine |
| Less likely to cause skin irritation and does not need to be removed | iodophors |
| All necessary procedures must be carried out prior to performing the surgical skin prep | foley catheterization; anesthesia administration; skin marking; hair removal; exposure of the surgical site; positioning |
| Goss soil and skin oils must be removed from the planned operative site | may require the use of fat solvent or degreaser; may require the use of a scrub brush/or nail cleaner |
| Prep fluids may not be allowed to accumulate adjacent to or under the pt | may cause chemical irritation; increases the risk of electrosurgical burn |
| The pt allergy status must be a consideration prior to application of any chemical | an alternate antiseptic may be needed |
| Certain areas are considered contaminated and may require special attention | The general rule in prepping these areas is to prep the surrounding areas first and contaminated area last |
| Two separate skin preps may be necessary | skin-graft donor and recipient sites |
| The prep is initiated at the planned incision site and carried toward the periphery | using a widening circular motion |
| An assistant may be necessary | to elevate a large limb that must be circumferentially prepped |
| The recommendations of the antiseptic manufacturer must be followed | exposure time |
| During the surgical skin prep | preoperative skin markings must not be removed |
| Ear | noninvasive |
| Bladder | Invasive |
| Esophageal | Invasive |
| Skin sticker | noninvasive |
| Touch | noninvasive |
| Oral | Invasive |
| Rectal | Invasive |
| Axilla | noninvasive |
| A physicians order is required for catheterization | TRUE |
| Maintenance of a normal core temperature decreases the incidence of wound infection, may reduce blood loss, shortens the hospital stay, and helps decrease the incidence of fatal cardiac events | TRUE |
| It is important that the catheter be connected to an open drainage measurement system at all times to prevent infection | TRUE |
| Decompression of the bladder by urethral cauterization facilitates healing of urinary tract structures following GU procedures | TRUE |
| Catheters are only made with latex | FALSE |
| After the balloon on the catheter has been tested, the syringe should be left attached to the port | TRUE |
| Most of the pts heat loss occurs in the early stages of the procedure | TRUE |
| Drainage of urine by urethral catheterization can be used to obtain a sterile urine specimen | TRUE |
| 30% of all nonsocomial infections are UTI's | FALSE |
Created by:
E.Ochoa
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