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Final Exam Key Peopl
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Henry Ford | an American manufacturer that found a system to mass-produce cars, making the automobile available to millions |
Sitting Bull | Southern Plains Native American that led attacks to keep whites out |
William Jennings Bryan | Democrat that won Populist support in the election of 1896, but lost to William McKinley |
Thomas Edison | an inventor that produced the light bulb, phonograph, motion picture camera, and other useful devices with other scientists, and also created the nation's first electrical powerplant |
Alexander Graham Bell | person who invented the telephone, which could carry the human voice |
Wilbur and Orville Wright | inventors of the first airplane |
Andrew Carnegie | a Scottish immigrant that became a giant in big business by creating a monopoly in the steel industry |
John D. Rockefeller | a business giant that ended competition in the oil industry by forming the Standard Oil Trust |
Samuel Gompers | leader of the AFL, or American Federation of Labor, that believed in using skilled workers to win improvements through collective bargaining |
Jane Addams | a reformer that opened Hull House, a settlement house in the slums of Chicago |
Mark Twain | an author by the pen name of Samuel Clemens that captured the speech patterns of southerners living along the Mississippi River |
Joseph Pulitzer | a Hungarian immigrant that created the first modern, mass-circulation newspaper |
Theodore Roosevelt | vice president of William McKinley that became a strong supporter of Progressive goals, including the end of big business, organized labor, and conservation |
William Howard Taft | Roosevelt's secretary of war that became president, who supported Progressive causes, but later lost Progressive support |
Woodrow Wilson | a Democratic Progressive President that created the New Freedom to ensure fair business competition |
Carrie Chapman Catt | a leader of the suffrage movement that tried to win suffrage state by state |
Alice Paul | a suffragist that met with Woodrow Wilson to request to allow women to vote |
Frances Willard | president of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union that tried to ban the sale of liquor |
Booker T. Washington | African American educator that believed that African Americans should seek to move up gradually in society |
W.E.B. Du Bois | African American scholar that believed to fight segregation instead of submitting to it |
Jeannette Rankin | first woman elected to Congress that voted against Wilson's war resolution |
Herbert Hoover | head of the Food Administration that directed relief efforts in Belgium and urged people to conserve valuable food resources |
Eugene V. Debs | a labor leader that was jailed in 1918 for urging workers not to support the war effort |
John J. Pershing | commander of the American Expeditionary Force (as known in Europe) that insisted that American soldiers would fight units under American command during WWI |
Vladmir Lenin | leader of the Bolsheviks that pulled Russia out of the war, seized the government, and set Russia on the road to Communism |
Henry Cabot Lodge | a Republican Senator that objected that the United States join the League of Nations |
Warren Harding | Republican nominee for President that promised a return to "normalcy" |
Calvin Coolidge | Vice President of Warren Harding that helped restore the public's trust in government |
Charles Lindbergh | "Lucky Lindy" first to fly nonstop across the Atlantic in 1927 |
Sinclair Lewis | an author who reacted against what he saw as the hypocrises of middle-class culture, writing the story Babbitt to criticize American society |
Langston Hughes | poet who was famous for his moving expressions of racial pride |
Franklin D. Roosevelt | Democratic president that introduced a "New Deal" for the American people and worked to help people recover from the Great Depression |
Huey Long | a Democratic senator that argued that the government could end the Depression immediately by taxing the wealthy and giving money to the poor |
Francis Townsend | a doctor that called for a system of government pensions for retired Americans |
Charles Coughlin | a Catholic priest that distrusted Roosevelt's policies on banking and money |
Eleanor Roosevelt | FDR's wife who helped work for him and championed women's rights |
Mary McLeod Bethune | an educator who became the top-ranking African American in the government and a member of the Black Cabinet |
Marian Anderson | an African American singer who sang on the steps of Lincoln Memorial Easter Sunday |
John Collier | Commissioner of Indian Affairs who created the Indian New Deal for Native Americans |
John Steinbeck | writer that captured the miseries of the Dust Bowl and the Great Depression |
Frances Perkins | secretary of labor and the first woman to serve in the Cabinet that backed labor reforms |
John L. Lewis | head of the United mine workers that formed the Congress of Industrial Organization consisting of many other labor unions |
Josef Stalin | sole dictator of Soviet Union that turned it into a totalitarian state |
Benito Mussolini | prime minister (dictator) of Italy that turned it into the world's first Fascist state |
Adolf Hitler | extreme nationalist and dictator of Germany that turned it into a totalitarian state |
Winston Churchill | British prime minister during World War II |
Dwight D. Eisenhower | American general that fought in North Africa |
Douglas MacArthur | general that commanded a Filipino-American force, but withdrew his forces onto the Bataan peninsula |
A. Phillip Randolph | union leader that threatened a mass protest unless Roosevelt moved to end discrimination in the armed forces |
Harry S Truman | vice president to FDR that became president after his sudden death and planned the invasion of Japan |