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Pools
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| medial coliform density of 2700/100 ml causes | significant increase in gastrointestinal illness |
| age that does the most swimming | five to 19 |
| PAM | primary amebic meningoencephalitis rare but fatal when head is immersed into contaminated waters Naegleria fowleri |
| will chlorine inactivate crypto? | nope, need sand filter as well |
| a strong chlorine odor indicates | chloramines |
| spa optimal total alkalinity as CaCO3 | 80-120 mg/l |
| spa optimal free chlorine residual | 3-5 mg/l |
| spa optimal combined chlorine | zero |
| spa optimal pH | 7.5-7.6 |
| pool optimal ph | 7.2-8 |
| pool alkalinity (methyl orange MO) Clarity | at least 50 mg/l |
| pool plate count (agar 24 hrs at 95F) | not more than 15 percent of the samples more than 200 colonies/ml |
| the depth of water under an on deck diving board | 9 feet and extend forward for 16 feet |
| life guard (span of control) | 1/100 bathers or 1/100 yards of beach |
| fence around pool | at least 4 feet high |
| 3 meter board pool depth | 12 feet |
| water depth marks occur every | 25 feet or at 2 ft changes |
| recirculate water every ___ hours | 6-8 hours recirculate spa water every |
| chemicals for disinfection | chlorination, bromine, iodine, cyanuric acid maybe but carcinogen. Sodium hypochlorite recommended, ozone and chlorine dioxide |
| sodium bicarbonate addition will | raise alkalinity |
| free chlorine residual range | 1.0 to 3.0 mg/l |
| adjust pool alkalinity with | soda ash (sodium carbonate) |
| how many inches of sand for high rate filter? | 12" |
| filter media for pool | granulated activated carbon |
| diatomacous earch flow rate | up to 2.5 gpm ft2 |
| which intakes dictate design? | recirculation from main drains and perimeter overflow or skimmers |
| wash water rate | 15 gpm/ft2 |
| overflow gutters need to be | level to 1/8" |
| what percent of recirc is from gutters or skimmers? | 60% |
| one skimmer for how many square feet? | 500 |
| how often do you need floor drains? | every 25 feet |
| UV light is ok as long as you use ??? With it? | hydrogen peroxide |
| what free available residual chlorine do you need to maintain? | at least 0.6 mg/l |
| operating level of free chlorine | 1-3 mg/l is required |
| hypochlorous acid and hypochlorite ion = | free available chlorine |
| what pH will chlorine lose effectiveness? | ph higher than 8.4 |
| water clarity standard for pool | secchi disk- 6 in |
| cloudy pool water due to: | improper filtration, need for alum, high alkalinity |
| reddish brown water | iron |
| temp of water entering pool | not more than 104 |
| strainer openings at least how many times the size | 4 times the area of main line with openings no greater than 1/8 inch |
| rate of filtration | 2-3 gpm/ft squared with sand or anthracite |
| swimmer displaces | 17-20 gal of water |
| outlet drains how far apart? | 15 feet |
| pool inlets every | 20 feet |
| what is slow acting against immediate bacterial contamination? | combined residual chlorine, so free available chlorine is imperative |
| oxidation reduction potential (ORP) | redox potential, index of disinfection (millivolts) NO less than 700 mV |
| how often should you test pH and chlorine residual? | 3 times a day |
| sudden jump in pH may be caused by | algae |
| prevent algae by | maintaining free chlorine residual |
| principal scale former | calcium carbonate |
| saturation index formula | SI= pH + TF (temperature factor) + Calcium factor + Alkalinity Factor - 12.1 |
| optimum saturation index | zero |
| water temp for general pool use | suggested at 80F, air temp 5F more than that |
| preferred method of testing for residaul chlorine | DPD test |
| wading pool recirc every ?? Hrs | one to two hours |
| shistosomiasis life cycle not complete without___ | snail, dry off before water dries |
| ideal pool pH when clear with appropriate disinfectant | 7.4 |
| how many acids formed when chlorine is added to water? | one acid is formed |
| free chlorine for pools and water parks | min 1.0, ideal 2-4, max 5 |
| free chlorine for spas | min 2.0, ideal 3-5, max 10ppm |
| ideal ph of rec water | 7.2-7.6 |
| fence around pool buildings | 6 ft |
| diving board height | 1 meter and 3 meters |
| diving board dimensions | 16 feet by 20 inches, extend 6 ft beyond pool wall |
| highest level of contamination in pools | surface, skimmers are important, many organisms |
| turnover rate = | (pool capacity in gallons)/(flow meter reading (gpm))(60) |
| 4 primary types of pool filters | sand, diatomaceous earth, cartridge |
| rapid rate sand filter | 3 gal/min/ft2 |
| high rate sand filter | 12-20 gpm/ft2 |
| Diatomaceous earth filter | up to 2.5 gallons per ft2 -microscopic marine plants spread in a thin coat over filter bags or septa |
| range of nephelometer turbidity units in a pool (NSF standard) | not exceed .5 and if it gets to 1 it must return to .5 within 8 hours |
| low ph concerns | faster chlorine loss, easier formation of chloramines, corrosionof equpment |
| high ph concerns | scale formatin, cloudy water, increase of hydrogen ions |
| alkalinity range | 80-120 ppm calcium carbonate |
| raise alkalinity by adding | sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) |
| combination of chlorine and ammonia | "combined chlorine" - don't add ammonia to retain residual chlorine on hot days |
| free chlorine plus combined chlorine = | total redisual chlorine |
| total residual chlorine concentration | 2.0-2.5 but chloramines cause eye irritation and chlorine smell |
| free chlorine concentration that should be maintained | .4-1.0ppm alkalinity for spas |
| spa water harness | 100-400 ppm |
| pool system turnover rate | every 6 hours |
| rate of filtration for vacuum diatomite filter | 1-2 gpm, ft2 |
| chemicals used for disinfection | chlorine, chloro-iso-cyanurates, bromine and iodine |
| gutters and skimmers must receive minimum of | 60% |
| what does cyanuric acid additive do? | stabilizes residual chlorine |
| adding sodium bicarbonate will do what to pH? | raise it |
| add soda ash to raise | pH |
| best control of swimmers itch is to add | copper sulfate |
| childrens pools should be recirculated every | 60 minutes |
| main drain should have a diameter at LEAST how many times larger than the discharge pipe? | 4 times |
| pump is protected by | strainer as it catches large particles |
| cartridge filter rate | up to 3 gallons per minute per ft2 of filter area |
| stabilizer from chlorine products for outdoor pools | cyanuric acid |
| bromine can be testd by | using free chlorine test and multiplying by 2.5 |
| what is hypochlorous acid (HOCL) available in the water? | the sanitizer and is most effective at lower pH values |
| Saturation Indes formula | pH = temperature factor + calcium hardness factor + alkalinity factor - 12.1 |
| SI between +0.5 and -0.5 then: | the water is balanced |
| SI greater than +0.5 | water will form scale and clog pipes and hazy water appearance SI lwss than _0.5 |
| total alkalinity range | 6-=180 ppm |
| calcium hardness range | 150-400ppm |
| pH | 7.2-7.8 |
| cyanuric acid | 25-100 ppm |
| combined chlorine | less than 1.0 |
| super chlorination (shocking) | removing chloramines by incresing chlorine level (increases hypochlorous acid) |
| chloramines form when ______ compounds are present | ammonia |
| cause of disease in pools | pseudomonas aeruginosa, crypto and abrasions by mycobacterium marinum |
Created by:
sanitarianpankey
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