Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Respiratory mtc 265
respiratory lecture for mtc 265
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Bronchography is | radiopaque dye covers the bronchial mucosa. It enables visualization of the tracheobronchial tree It is used to identify bronchiectasis |
| Angiography is | IV radiopaque dye, visualize the pulmonary vessels. Pulmonary angiography may be done on patients with suspected pulmonary embolism when the lung scan is inconclusive. |
| What diagnostic test is used to identify bronchiectasis? | bronchography |
| What diagnostic test is helpful in making the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism? | lung scan |
| Lung scan is performed, how? | by injecting technetium IV (nuclear tracer dose) |
| Lung perfusion scan- is use to | visualize clots and check if circulation to carry oxygen to the cells is present |
| Sputum cytology | -cell studies that identify malignancy in cell structure |
| signs and symptoms of hypoxia | restlessness, increased pulse and respiration |
| signs and symptoms of hypercapnia | headache, confusion, bounding pulse, warm sweaty extremities |
| Signs of increased work of breathing | accessory muscles, flaring nostrils, sternal retraction, increased respirations, expiratory grunt |
| risk factors for COPD | cigarette smoke, environmental, genetic factors, secondhand smoke, infection |
| COPD pathology | chronic bronchitis and Emphysema |
| Emphysema is | destruction of the walls of the overdistended alveoli which results in impaired gas exchange |
| Chronic bronchitis is | xcessive accumulation of mucous secretions block the airway |
| Primary Symptoms of COPD: include | dyspnea, chronic cough, and sputum production |
| Auscultation of a COPD patient; would be what? | Dry crackles may be heard at the bases and wheezes may be heard with forced expiration |
| Typical clinical picture of a COPD patient | increased respiratory rate, rapid shallow respirations, use of accessory muscles (in abdomen or neck), limited diaphragmatic excursion (the diaphragm is flattened) |
| What is the typical oxygen therapy for a COPD patient? | oxygen flow of 2-4 liters via nasal cannula or 40% Venture mask |
| What type of diet does a COPD patient have? | high calories and high protien |
| Bronchodilators Medications for COPD | Albuterol (Proventil,Ventolin) Theophyllines-reduces smooth muscle bronchospasm (Aminophylline by IV infusion, elixophylline PO). Theodur |
| How is tuberculosis transferred (route)? | airborne |
| what are some of the ways you can transfer Tuberculosis (TB)? | by laughing, coughing, sneezing, whistling or singing |
| what is the percent of people that actually become infected from TB? | 5-15 percent |
| What are the factors that influence TB disease after exposure? | Virulence of the strain, health of the individual, and the lenght of exposure |
| what type of people body's resistance is low with TB? | malnutrition, aging, and people with infectious diseases (HIV) |
| Why does Bacillus calmette guerin (BCG) vaccines cause a false positive? | Live virus vaccine |
| what type of TB test is used for first screening of healthcare workers 2 step TB | TB skin test |
| What type of mask does healthcare workers wear when entering a respiratory isolation room? | HEPA filter mask |
| Where can TB spread to within the body? | Brain, meninges, liver, kidney or Bone marrow |
| When does infected people, become infectious? | when the manifestations of disease occurs |
| What are the symptoms of TB? | cough with hemoptosis, weight loss, anorexia, night sweats, fever, chills, shortness of breath, progressive fatigue and dulling aching chest pain. |
| What confirms the diagnosis of TB? | sputum culture |
| What does it mean when the TB skin test measures 10 mm in diameter or more? | Exposure the TB |
| What is a positive skin test measurement for a HIV patient? | 5mm or more |
| How long should a patient with TB be on medication? | 6 months |
| How many sputum test for TB needs to be done before patient is no longer infectious? | 3 negative sputum specimens |
| How can TB grow and spread within the chest cavity? | tracheobronchial lymph nodes |
| What other parts of the body can TB spread too? | brain, meninges, liver, kidney or bone marrow |
| How long is the treatment for a TB patient? | 6 month to 12 month |
| How many negative sputum test a TB patient need to have in order to be no longer infectious? | 3 negative sputum specimens |
| What are the first line of medication for TB patients? | Isoniazid (INH), Rifampin, Ethambutol, Pyrazinamide |
| Which TB medication will turn your urine red or orange? | Rifampin |
| What TB medication causes problems with visual acuity? | Ethambutol |
| When does a TB patient become non-infectious on medication? | after 2-3 weeks |
| what population should be treated with a nine month course of NH (Isoniazid)? | HIV |
| Bronchiectasis means | A disorder characterized by permanent, abnormal dilation of one or more of the large bronchi |
| What are the predisposing factors for bronchiectasis? | obstructive processes such as lung masses, thick secretions found in cystic fibrosis or bronchitis, and aspirated foreign bodies |
| S/sx bronchiectasis | chronic cough and production of thick (copious mucopurulent) sputum, hemoptysis recurrent pneumonia accompanied by crackles, rhonchi, and wheezing |
| Treatment for bronchiectasis | Antibiotics, bronchodilators, and expectorants |
| TB skin test: indicates exposure, when it measures? | "10 mm or more |
| What is the next test given, when you have a positive TB skin test? | chest x-ray, to determine active lesions |
| Symptoms of TB | cough with sputum that may be streaked with blood, weight loss, anorexia, night sweats, fever, chills, shortness of breath, crackles or wheezes, progressive fatigue, dull aching chest pain |
| Why can't a patient with total laryngectomy aspirate | because the airway has been completely separated from the esophagus |
| What are the risk factor for TB? | close contact with someone who has not been |
| Major risk factors for cancer of the larynx? | smoking and alcohol |
| What are the diagnostic test to determine laryngeal cancer? | CAT for location or MRI for invasion |
| What is the purpose of a biopsy using a panendoscopy? | to confirm the diagnoses and stage the cancer by the TNM method |
| What are the early S/S of laryngeal cancer? | Hoarseness pain or burning in the throat when drinking hot liquids or citrus juices, lump in the neck |
| What are the later S/S of laryngeal cancer? | difficulty swallowing or breathing (dyspnea), unilateral nasal obstruction or discharge, persistent hoarseness, or foul breath, weight loss, general debilitated state, and pain radiating to the ear |
| What is the major health problems of laryngeal cancer? | risk for ineffective breathing patter related to impaired airway |
| What are the side effects of radiation for cancer of the larynx? | hoarseness, sore throat, and difficulty swallowing, skin may get red and tender, |
| What is the partial laryngectomy? | only one vocal cord is involved |
| Why is the Total laryngectomy done? | performed for cancer that extends beyond that vocal cords or cancer that persists after radiation therapy |
| Nodal neck dissection is | removal of the tumor, lymph nodes, the sternocleidomastoid muscle, the jugular vein, 11th craninal nerve and surrounding soft tissue |
| What is the affect of nodal neck dissection on the 11th cranial nerve? | causes the shoulder to drop |
| What causes you to have a permanent tracheal stoma? | total laryngectomy |
| What are the three types of communication after laryngectomy? | esophageal speech, electric larynx, and tracheoesophageal |
| what is used to cleanse a stoma of a laryngectomy? | saline |
| How long does a tracheal stoma heal? | 3-6 weeks |
| What is the initial nutritional treatment for a laryngectomy patient? | may have IV fluids, enteral feedings by PEG or NG or TPN |
| What should nurses assess frequently for, when new nutritional things are introduce for a laryngectomy patient? | swallowing difficulties |
| What are the complications of laryngectomy surgery? | hemorrhage, infection or wound breakdown |
| Why can't a total laryngectomy patient aspirate? | airway has been completely separated from the esophagus |
| How long is the initial nutritional treatment for a laryngectomy patient | 10-14 days |
| What are the risk factors for lung cancer? | smoking, passive smoke and occupational exposure |
| What are the four types of lung cancer? | small cell (oat cell), non- small cell (squamous cell), adenocarcinoma and large cell carcinoma |
| How is lung cancer spread? | direct extension, the lymph system, or blood |
| Symptoms of lung cancer? | Hoarseness, cough, sputum production, hemoptysis (later finding), shortness of breath or change in endurance, purulent or rust colored sputum |
| What is a late symptom of lung cancer? | pleural effusion which is fluid in the pleural space |
| what are the Diagnostic tests for lung cancer? | Chest x-ray, CAT scans, bronchoscopy, needle biopsy, and direct surgical biopsy, MRI |
| What is the purpose of radiation treatment in lung cancer patients? | to shrink the tumor |
| After radiation treatment, how long should they avoid sun exposure? | at least a year |
| How many chest tubes would be inserted after a Pneumonectomy? | two |
| When a pleuravac is in place, how much drainage is to much? | 100 ml/hr |
| What does it mean when there is no fluctuation in the second chamber of pleuravac? | may indicate the chest tube is obstructed or no more air is leaking into the pleural space |
| What supplies are keep at the bedside, when a patient has a chest tube? | sterile gauze and padded clamps |
| in a Pneumonectomy, what is a tissue flap used for? | no air can leak through the stump. |
| what will happen with a pneumonectomy patient, if they lay on the operative side? | erous fluid can go into the remaining lung and drown the patient |
| What is the best position for a pneumoectomy patient post op? | supine and semi fowlers |
| When is the best to implement ambulation for a pneumoectomy patient post op? | second or third postop day |
| When a lung scan is inconclusive at diagnosis of pulmonary embolism, what else can be used? | pulmonary angiography |
| hypoxic patient PO2 level is consistently below, what? | 50 |
| What is the best delivery of oxygen? | non rebreather |
| what is the most important things a nurse can impliment for a patient schedules for a bronchoscopy? | pt is NPO |
| what does a pulmonary function study indicate | evaulates lung function and breathing problems |
| what is the most accurate test for asthma | pulmonary function test |
| what conditions is a COPD patient more at risk for? | respiratory infections, hypoxemia, acidosis, and cardiac failure |
| what is the ratio of FEV/FCV need to be defined as a obstructive disease (COPD) | less than 70% |
| what is hemoptysis | blood in the sputum |
| crepitus is | air trapped in and under the skin |
| what is the first nursing interventation for a COPD patient? | improve gas exchange |
| how is smoking history expressed | packs per day times the number of years |
| what do ronchodilators do? | relieve bronchospasm, reduce airway obstruction and aid in secretion clearance |
| what is the purpose of mucolytics? | liquefy and loosen thick mucous secretions so they can be expectorated. |
| what side effect can Theophylline cause for a COPD patient? | lower BP and cause arrythmias |
| what is the therapeutic range for Theophylline? | 10-20 ug/ml |
| cor pulmonale is | right sided heart failure caused by pulmonary disease |
| what are the risk factors for a TB exposure? | close contact with TB patient, immunocompromised people, living in crowded conditions, low socioeconomic group, foreign immigrats, older or homeless, IV drug abusers |
| what is the biggest nursing interventions for a TB patient on medications? | patient teaching for drug therapy adherence and infection control |
| leukotriene antagonists used of COPD | montelukast |
| what are the side effects of Isoniazid(INH) | hepatitis, neurotoxicity, and peripheral neuropathy |
| what can be given to a TB patient on isoniazid to reduce peripheral neuropathy? | vitamin B6 |
Created by:
597389573
Popular Nursing sets