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14295B Chapter 19
Chapter 19 of the Hospital Corpsman Manual
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What technique is used when a small quantity of blood is needed for testing such as in some pediatric blood draws? | capillary blood collection |
| What is defined at the puncture of a vein for drawing blood? | venipuncture |
| When drawing blood how do you introduce the needle? | In one continuous motion, bevel up at 15 degree angle the the skin |
| Do not leave a tourniquet on for longer than what? | one minute |
| What are the four parts of the compound microscope? | arm, stage, mechanical stage, and base |
| What part of the microscope is the structure that supports the magnification and focusing system, and is the handle by which it is carried? | the arm |
| What is the platform on which a specimen is placed for examination on a microscope? | the stage |
| What holds the specimen in place and is the means by which the specimen may be moved about on the stage to view the sample on a microscope? | mechanical stage |
| What is the structure on which the microscope rests? | the base |
| What lens of the microscope is responsible for the magnification and resolution of detail in a specimen? | objective lens |
| What are the powers of the three objective lenses on the compound microscope? | 10X, 40X, and 100X |
| What routine test consists of RBC count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, wbc count and differential? | a CBC, Complete Blood Count |
| A red cell count that drops below normal levels may indicate what? | anemia |
| What is the primary function of hemoglobin? | delivery and release of oxygen to the tissues and carbon dioxide excretion |
| What is the normal hematocrit for women and men? | 37% to 47% for women and 42% to 52% for men |
| What type of blood cell is a leukocyte? | white blood cell |
| What is an abnormally high WBC count? | leukocytosis |
| What is an abnormally low WBC count? | leukopenia |
| What are the five types of white blood cells? | neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes |
| What WBC accounts for the largest percentage of leukocytes found in a normal blood sample? | neutrophil |
| A neutrophilic band is sometimes called what? | stab cell |
| The function of what cell is to destroy parasites and respond in immediate allergic reactions? | eosinophil |
| What is a rise in basophils associated with? | inflammatory disorders and leukemia |
| What cells function is associated with immune response and the body's defense against viral infections? | lymphocyte |
| What is the largest of the normal white blood cells? | monocyte |
| What are the four growth requirements for bacteria? | temperature, oxygen, nutrition and moisture |
| what is psychrophilic? | cold loving bacteria that reproduce at low temperatures |
| What is mesophilic? | bacteria that reproduce best at body temperature |
| What is thermophilic? | bacteria that reproduce best at high temperatures |
| what are organisms that reproduce in the presence of oxygen? | aerobes |
| what are organisms that do not reproduce in the presence of oxygen? | anaerobes |
| What are the three distinct shapes of bacteria? | coccus, bacillus and spirochetes |
| what type of bacteria are spherical, appear singly, in pairs, chains, clusters or packets? | cocci |
| what type of bacteria are rod-shaped, appears singly, in chains, or in different organizations? | bacilli |
| what type od bacteria are helical, spiral-corkscrew shaped, appearing singly only? | spirilla |
| What are the two categories of bacteria toxins? | endotoxin and exotoxin |
| Are exotoxins or endotoxins more potent? | exotoxin |
| What cells retain the primary crystal violet stain during decolorization? | gram positive |
| what cells are couterstained pink and do not retain the violet stain? | gram negative |
| What are some common cocci, gram positive bacteria? | streptococcus pheumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes, and staphylococcus aureus |
| What are some common gram negative, cocci bacteria? | Neisseria gohorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitis |
| What are some common gram positive bacilli bacteria? | crynebacterium diphtheria, clostridium, botulinum |
| What are some common bacilli gram negative bacteria? | Yersinia pestis, brucella abortus, and bordatella pertussis |
| What does red or red-brown urine indicate? | presence of blood |
| What does yellow to brown urine indicate? | presence of bile |
| what does olive green to brown-black urine indicate? | phenols |
| what does dark orange urine indicate? | pyridium |
| What is the normal range of specific gravity for urine specimens? | 1.015 to 1.030 |
| Positive glucose and ketones on a urinalysis may indicate what? | uncontrolled diabetes |
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