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Nursery 2013
NL 2013
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The scientific name of a plant is composed of: | Genus and Species |
| "Alba" is a term that describes a plant as: | White |
| "Triacanthos" describes a plant as: | Three Spined |
| The function of the root system is: | Anchorage, conduction and storage |
| The tap root could be described as: | A fleshy food storing organ |
| When a person is preparing to transplant a plant: | Expose the roots to air little as possible |
| Plants that are root bound in their container should: | Coiled roots should be straightened and pruned |
| The Xylem is responsible for: | Transporting water and minerals from the roots upward through the plant |
| An example of a monocotyledonous plant would be a: | Corn |
| If the cambium layer and vascular bundles are damaged : | The plant could die |
| A plant girdle can be described as: | Damage to the plants food supply pipeline |
| A node is considered to be: | An area on a stem where the leaves emerge |
| Tulips develop each spring from: | Bulbs |
| A plant that developes from a rihzome would be: | Cannas |
| Potatoes are propagated from: | Tubers |
| A "Sucker" develops from: | Roots |
| Spring flowering bulbs are usually planted: | During Fall |
| "Venation" is used to describe a plant's : | Leaves |
| A leaf gives off water into the atmosphere through a process called | Transpiration |
| If transportation exceeds absorption in a plant : | The plant will show signs of wilting |
| In order for transportation to occur: | Water pressure should be lower in the top of the plant. |
| The pistil is the: | Female part of the plant |
| Ferns reproduce from: | Spores |
| The highest priority of the food produced by leaves is too feed: | Flowers |
| A primary element used for plant growth would be: | Urea |
| Overall yellowing of the plant beginning at the bottom of the plant could mean: | Nitrogen Deficiency |
| Dark green leaves with reddish overcast could mean: | Phosphorous Deficiency |
| Shriveled fruit on a plant could mean: | Potassium deficiency |
| Light green leaves with leaf margins turning upward could mean: | Calcium deficiency |
| A 50 lb. bag of 13-13-13 would contain how many pounds of nitrogen? | 6.5 |
| A 50 lb. bag of 20-15-10 would contain how many pounds of phosphorus? | 7.5 |
| "Osmocote" fertilize depends on what factor to release nutrients: | Moisture |
| Fertilizing in early or late fall: | Is a poor practice because it could cause cold damage |
| Low light intensity causes: | A decrease in photosynthesis |
| Roots dying from over-watering could be caused by: | Lack of oxygen |
| Using water softeners could cause a problem because of : | (Na)ions |
| How many inches of water must be used on a plant with 18" root depth growing in clay? | 3 inches |
| The field capacity for water in loam soil is about: | 15-25% |
| Which side of a building has the coolest growing temperature: | North |
| Most warm season plant seeds need this minimum temperature to germinate: | Greater than 49 degrees F |
| This zone has an average minimum temperatur of 20-25 degrees F | 9a |
| This kind of freezing occurs when plant temperature is lower than surrounding air temperature. | Radiation |
| The optimum temperature for temperate plants is: | 77-95 degrees F |
| To allow outdoor plants to harden off before winter, you should avoid: | Fertilizing with nitrogen and pruning in the Fall |
| Hot weather affects on container plants can me minimized by: | Planting in light colored containers |
| Nurseries' greatest challenges are providing plants that: | Grow well in their area |
| The mud-pie test is used: | To determine the moisture content of the soil |
| The two forces that hold water in the soil are: | Adhesion and Cohesion |
| Autumn color in plants result in changes in the: | Photoperiod |
| Soil is a mixture of minerals, organic matter, and__________? | Living organisims |
| Soils vary in texture, structure, and mineral _____? | Composition |
| Soil texture is classified as _______ ,________, and ___________. | Sand, Silt, and Clay |
| When inspecting shipments of nursery plants,you should examine for pests,insects, disease and _____ | Weeds |
| A soil sample with a pH value of 4.0 is considered to be _____? | Acid |
| A soil sample with a pH value of 7.0 is considered to be___________ | Neutral |
| Two plants that prefer more acidic soil are ______ and __________ | Azaleas and Camellias |
| Soil pH is a factor that controls | plant growth |
| A problem with using miscellaneous organic soil additives include sawdust, leaf mold, straw, rile hulls, pine bark, peat moss and _____________? | Animal Manures |
| Miscellaneous organic soil additives is that straw, fresh sawdust, and rice hulls need added _______ | Nitrogen |
| Sawdust from pressure treated wood contains __________? | Toxic residues |
| When storing plant seeds,refrigerators have fairly good temperatures, but are usually too ___________. | Damp |
| ________and___________ are the two most critical requirements for germination. | Water and Temperature |
| Water affects the _________ supply around the seed. | Oxygen |
| Commercial growers scarify or ________, hard seed coats mechanically or with concentrated sulfuric acid. | Scratch |
| Asexual (vegetative) propagation includes : | Layering, division, and seperation |
| Most woody plants are propagated by: | Cuttings |
| Some plants are now being commercially propagated using ________ techniques that involve the production of new plants from tissue culture. | micropropagation |
| When accepting an order and inspecting shipments of plants, which of the following basic steps should be followed? | Confirm all orders Determine if the order contains quality materials Examine for pests, insects, disease, and weeds |
| The employee in charge of watering plants should have : | Special training |
| Container woody ornamentals can be injured when temperature: | Drops to 18-24 degrees F. |
| Sand has a gritty feeling, silt has a slick feeling, and clay has a _______ feeling. | Slippery, sticky |
| Soil structure names include : | Sandy Platy Crumbly and blocky |
| Organic soils are those which have more than _______ organic matter. | 30% |
| Fungi in soils can cause : | Rotting and damping off |
| Soil reaction can be modified by adding certain soil additives and using ____________. | Specific fertilizers |
| _____could equally describe a loam soil or an adobe soil as very hard to work with. | Black soil |
| Untreated bark needs _______ nitrogen added to prevent nitrogen deficiency in plants growing in the material. | 1.5 % |
| Optimum germination temperature varies for _______. | All seeds |
| The temperature of the _______, not the air, is what is important. | Soil |
| __________is the biggest propagation problem. | Watering |
| _________ emergence herbaacides can kill existing weeds and extreme care must be used with these materials when plants are in the immediate area. | Post |
| Pest management also aids in maintaining plant _________. | Qulaity |
| During harsh winters, plants can be jammed together and covered with a single layer of milky ______ plastic. | Polythene |
| When pH drops below 5.5, many nutrients become _____. | Unavailable |
| When planning a solitary tree or shrub in the landscape, dig the hole at least 2 times _____ than the root ball of the plant. | Wider |
| _______ help maintain a uniform soil moisture level. | Mulches |
| Mulch trees and shrubs to a depth of _________. | 2-4 inches |
| Newly planted trees and shrubs should also receive ________ applications of fertilizer during their first growing season. | Light |
| Pruning is done for all reasons except for: | The plant looks ugly |
| When the terminal bud is pruned out and the effect of an auxin decreased, lateral bud will be ____________. | Enhanced |
| _________ are used to remove branches that cannot be reached from the ground. | Pole pruners |
| It is possible to rejuvenate many older shrubs that have overgrown their planting site by pruning them to within ______ of ground level. | 18 inches |
| Upright junipers and arborvitae plants can be maintained at small size with ________annual pruning. | Light |
| Organic soils are those which have more than ________ organic matter. | 30% |
| ______favorably affects soil structure by increasing the water holding capacity of sandy soils and the workability of the clay and other heavy soils. | Organic matter |
| Soil ______ is not a factor which controls plant growth, but is a good indicator of what nutrients are soluble in that particular soil. | pH |
| Soil with a pH on 10 is considered to be : | Alkaline |
| Most woody plants are propagated by_______. | Cuttings |
| When studying insects that effect agriculture, we must first learn: | How to identify the insects |
| Biological and chemical controls of harmful insects are closely tied to..... | Where, when, and how insects develop |
| Many chemical insecticides were developed after.. | World War 1 |
| There are some beneficial insects that need to be.... | Protected and promoted |
| Insects are classified by.... | Binomial nomenclature |
| Insects are grouped based on similarities and types of development. An example would be: | Type of legs, mouthparts, absence or presence of wings. |
| The names of most insect orders have the ending-PETRA- which means..... | The insect possesses wings in the adult stage. |
| Mouthparts, wings, and type of metamorphosis are characteristics used to..... | Identify an insect |
| _____ names of insects end with -IDEA. an example is Aphidae (Aphids) | Family |
| ________names refer to large groups rather than individual species. | Common |
| Insects are in the class Insecta because they possess the following characteristics : | Three body regions, three pairs of legs, one pair of antennae and one or two pairs of wings |
| There are 3 regions of an insect's body. What is not one of them? | Wings |
| Piercing-sucking, lapping and sponging are all examples of...... | Mouthparts |
| This part of an insect's body assist in detecting danger, locating food and communication. | Antennae |
| The most important characteristic for insects is the presence of three __________. | Pairs of jointed legs |
| Insects use this to feel their way, detect danger, locate their food, find their mates, and in some cases to communicate. | Antennae |
| Metamorphosis means a change in ______________. | Form |
| This part of an insect has a great deal of variation and can be used for identification. | Wings |
| A newly emerged insect feeds ravenously but the extent of its growth is restricted by ___________. | Rigid Exoskeleton |
| The process of shedding the outer skin is called ______. | Molting |
| Gradual metamorphosis includes which of the following stages of development? | Egg,nymph,adult |
| Complete metamorphosis includes which of the following stages of development? | Egg, Larva, Pupa, Adult |
| During simple metamorphosis each developmental stage is called ___________. | An instar |
| Of the 80,000+ diseases that attack plants in the U.S., how many attack crops that are of economic importance? | 30,000 |
| The vegetative structure of a fungus is made of thread-like material known as: | Mycelium |
| Fungi, bacteria, viruses, and nematodes are four major groups of plant parasitic organisms which cause : | Plant diseases. |
| There are _______ types of plant diseases. | Two |
| Ectoparasites are a group of _________. | Nematodes |
| Bread mold is a _____ and is typical of the vegetative structures produced. | Fungus |
| Kinds of nematodes that feed completely by entering the plant root are called : | Endoparasites |
| Scorch is a ________. | Burning of leaf margins as a result of infection or unfavorable environmental conditions. |
| Witches' Broom is a _____. | Broom-like growth or massed proliferation caused by the dense clustering of branches in woody plants. |
| Bacteria cells may divide every _______. | 20-30 minutes |
| Beneficial fungi are called ________. | Sacrophytes |
| Fungi must commonly reproduce _______. | Asexually |
| Nutrient deficiencies, lack of or excess soil moisture, too low or too high temperatures are all examples of _________ plant diseases. | Non-pathogenic |
| When a parasite or an organism attacks a plant are examples of _______ plant diseases. | Pathogenic |
| A fungus is a multi-cellular organism which has no roots, stems, or leaves and _________. | Cannot make its own food |
| The formation of spores, Sclerotia, and mycelia fragments refer to the process of : | Fungi reproduction |
| Rhizoctonia, a common disease in ornamental plant which causes the damping off of young vegetable plants is spread by _____. | Mycelia fragmenta |
| These structures can remain viable in the soil for several years until a susceptible crop is planted. They form when the mycelium of some fungi become hard. | Sclerotia |
| Fungi that form swimming spores thrive in low, wet areas and cause diseases such as root rot. These types of fungi are known as ___________. | Phycomycetes |
| This is an advanced group of fungi. They produce spores on special structures inside plant tissue. | Ascomycetes |
| An asexual spore on exposed stalks. They resemble a small plant with fruit hanging on it. This spore is usually wind blown. | Conidiophores |
| Inoculation, penetration, infection,incubation,invasion,reproduction,over wintering are stages in the life cycle of a ___________. | Fungus |
| Direct penetration, penetration through stomates or through wounds is necessary in order for ________ to occur. | Infection |
| _____ are spread by blowing rain, insects,humans,and inside seeds. | Bacteria |
| Symptoms of this include mottled or puckered leaves streaks on leaves and at times distorted fruit. | Virus |
| Tobacco, insects and seed are ways in which viruses ________. | Spread |
| A plant injured by this organism usually has a stunted, unthrifty appearance | Nematode |
| Vegetables make ideal hosts for this organism and once the soil is infested, it will always be present. | Nematode |
| This organism has varieties that can cause knots or galls on the roots of a plant. | Nematodes |
| Mulching, cultivation, deep plowing and sanitation are all examples of...... | Ways to control diseases |
| Crop rotation, use of resistant varieties and chemicals are three ways to... | Deal with soil organisms |
| Which of these is not warm-season turfgrass? | Crabgrass |
| Which of these types of turfgrass are not used for winter overseeding in Louisiana. | Warm-season turfgrass |
| Which of these is not a method of vegetatively establishing turfgrass? | Seeding |
| Re-establishment of turfgrass is recommended when what percentage is lost? | 50% |
| Which type of fertilizer has a slow release, but a longer residual and low water solubility? | Synthetic organic |
| What is the maximum amount of the length of the blade that turfgrass should be cut? | 1/3 |
| Which of these will not help to minimize thatch problems? | Planting |
| Turfgrass pests can be classified as all but which of the following? | Nutrient Leachers |
| Which of these is not recommended for transplanting trees? | Add amendments to backfill soil |
| Which of these is not a consideration when transplanting a plant? | Landscape Design |
| Which of these is not a typical type of fertilizer application for trees? | Mulch application |
| When removing a live branch, pruning cuts should be made in branch tissue just outside the branch ________ and collar? | Ridge |
| The best time to transplant trees in Louisiana is ______? | November-February |
| Which type of fertilizer should be done at planting, placed 2-6 inches below grade and mixed with backfill? | Slow release |
| The best time of year to transplant palms in Louisiana is __________________? | Spring-Summer |
| During the transplanting operation in a normal landscaping setting, which rule would you NOT abide by? | Dig the hole 4 feet wider than needed. |
| A tree is a ________ woody plant with one or several vertical trunks which grow higher than 12' to 15' ht. | Perennial |
| _________can be applied to either in the planting hole or on the soil surface after planting or transplanting | Fertilizer |
| Pruning is _____ the plant which involves removing the leaves or inflorescences as they become senescent and unsightly. | Grooming |
| The best planting or transplanting time in Louisiana is from late _________ through February even though many tree species are dug at other times of the year. | November |
| ____________ is most important after planting. | Maintenance |
| Maintenance is important after planning. ________ during times of dry weather is imperative, especially during the first several years. | Irrigation |
| When transplanting trees, remove wire or twine from around the trunk, and if balled and burlap _____ down from around the ball. 2/3 ,2/4 , or 1/2 | None of these |
| How many inches should slow-release fertilizers be planted below ground? | 6 inches |
| Leaving the guy wire in place too long can cause ______ of the tree stem or trunk. | Breakage |
| Mulch conserves soil moisture and also prevents : | Weeds |
| Plants that are _______ before transplanting will suffer more vigorous ones. | Stressed |
| What encourages development of roots and shoots, promoting overall good health and vitality to plants? | Tree Fertilizations |
| _____ may be cut to within one foot of the trunk. | Roots |
| How should the new emerging leaves be handled when clipping back? | Gather and tie in place |
| The plant should be given a ________ to mat down the mulch and to firm up the soil. | Final Soaking |
| What types of fertilizer are easier and less expensive? | Chemical or inorganic |
| What type of tissue is very important from the heath standpoint of trees. | Trunk tissue |
| _______ are generally evergreen, low growing, and spreading ornamental plants. | Ground covers |
| Ground covers can be used for all purposes but ______________. | Protect the soil from walk-through traffic compaction |
| When deciding the type of ground cover to plant, take into account : | The plant's growth habit,The light requirements and the amount of sunlight the location gets, The plants texture and color. |
| The high cost of installing ground covers is often offset by the eventual savings in: | Maintenance |
| The abbreviation of o.c. is: | On center |
| A one gallon ground cover is planted ______o.c. and 4'' pots are planted o.c. . | 1' , 6'' |
| To control weed competition in ground covers during the first few years, use _____. | Mulch, Herbicides and Cultivation |
| Once established, _________ groundcovers may be needed if plants become to ragged, or too tall. | Shearing |
| All but _________ are recommended ground covers for L.A. | Dianthus |
| All but ________ are recommend ground covers for the South. | Daylily |
| Lower growing ground covers would include __________. | Ardesia and English Ivy |
| _________are recommended ground covers for Louisiana? | Day lilies, Sedums and Indigo's |
| Compact herbaceous plants used to add color to a landscape are referred to as _______. | Bedding plants |
| Bedding plants are normally sold in ____. | Cell packs, 4-inch pots and 6 inch pots |
| The greatest visual impact is obtained in the landscape when bedding plants are ______. | Massed |
| Place bedding plants ______ to draw the viewer's eyes. | Near doorways, along sidewalks and at the end of a vista |
| In designing a color bed, place taller plants ______. | In the back of the bed. |
| In designing a color bed,place taller plants ______. | In the back of the bed. |
| In designing a color bed, always place shorter, low growing varieties __________. | At the front |
| When purchasing healthy bedding plants, choose the ones that _________. | are just coming into bloom, or budded. |
| The number of budding plants selected for an area depends on the size of the area and ______. | The spacing between plants |
| Bedding plants preform better when _____ are used to insure good drainage. | Raised beds. |
| Native soils should be ameded with _____ before bed construction. | Compost, peatmoss, and builder's sand. |
| a ______ fertilizer should be added during bed preperation. | Complete general and slow release. |
| Bedding plants should be watered ______. | Immediately after planting. |
| Overhead watering of color beds may lead to all but ______. | Drought stress |
| Mulch is an important component in any bed because it _______. | Reduces the number of weeds, prevents soil from splashing up on the leaves and regulates the soil temperature. |
| Deadhanding is done to _______. | Prevent seed formation and encourage plants to produce more flowers. |
| If bedding plants appear to be stunned, lightly fertilize with a complete fertilizer with a _______ ratio analysis. | 3:1:2 |
| When bedding plants become overgrown, they can be sheared back with ______ to promote branching and a bushier plant. | Hedge clippers |
| A(n) _______ plant completes its life cycle in one growing season. | Annual |
| Many of the annuals grown in Louisiana, like begonia and periwinkles, are actually ______. | Tender perennials |
| In Louisiana, cool season annuals are grown from _____. | October through May |
| Annuals that are reccommended to be grown in Louisiana shade gardens include all but _____. | Periwinkle |
| Annuals that are reccommended for growth in bright, sunny spots include all but _____. | Lobelia |
| ________ are hardy plants that tolerate cold temperatures. | Pansy and Snapdragon |
| All but _____ are tender plants and best for warmer conditions. | Alyssum |
| _____ are low growing plants that to well along the edges of beds. | Ageratum |
| All but ______ are taller plants, whick do better in the back of beds. | Pansy |
| Use _____ in annual cut flower gardens. | Natsturtium, snapdragons and stock |
| Perennials are plants that live _____ | More than two years |
| The popularity of using perennials in the landscape has ______. | Increased |
| The advantages of using perennials in the landscape include all but_____. | They need to be divided as they become weak or overcrowded. |
| Perennials that bloom in the spring should be divided in the ______. | Fall |
| Perennials that bloom in the summer and fall should be divided in the _______. | Spring |
| Reccomended perennials for planting in Louisiana landscapes include all but ______. | Scarlet Sage |
| Perennial bulbs that are recommended for the Louisiana landscape include all but ______. | Moonvine |
| ________plants provide a sizeable portion of garden sales. | Bedding |
| Many landscaping needs can be solved through the use of bedding plants such as: | Herbaceous Plants |
| Their quick growth makes it possible for a new homeowner to have early _____ while waiting for more permanent plants to develop. | Color |
| Beddign plants can also add "______ color" to an established landscape. | Instant |
| The roles of annuals and perennials in the landscape is primarily to provide what? | Color |
| Low growing plants would be used in : | Foreground |
| Raised beds are reccommended since _____, drainage is essential. | Water |
| Light sandy soils should be generously amended with how many inches of organic matter? | 3-9 |
| If the plant appears stunted, the foliage is pale and growth slows, lightly fertilize with fertilizer that has ______ ratio analysis? | 3:1:2 |
| An annual is what kind of plant? | A plant that completes its life in a single growing season. |
| If tender perennials are not removed at the end of the warm season, and a mild winter occours, what may happen? | They will survive and bloom again in the summer. |
| What is the planting season for bluebonnets? | Fall |
| Which of the following is the botanical name for the perennial bulb Montbretia? | Crocosmia pottsii |
| The role of annuals and perennials in the landscape is primarily to provide ______? | Color |
| Which of the folowing is the botanical name for the perennial bulbs Canna? | Canna x generalis |
| Which of the following is a botanical name for the reccommended perennials firebush? | Hamelia patens |
| What are some characteristics of drought stress? | Slight wilting and Drooping lower leaves. |
| Which type of plant lives longer than two years? | Perennials |
| Define annuals. | A plant that runs its complete life cycle in a single growing season |
| Which of the following is the botanical name for the recommended perennials Mexican mint marigold? | Tagetes lucida |
| Which of the following is the botannical name for the recommended perennials cigar plant? | Cuphea micropetala |
| _________ and drainage are key elements in growing roses. | Sunlight |
| Roses require atleast ____-____ hours of sunlight daily. | 8-10 |
| Container roses may be planted at any time of the year although summer is often avoided because of: | Heat and Dought stress |
| A soil test should be made to determine whether soil ____ should be corrected. | pH |
| For roses, the bud union should be about _____ inches abouve the soil line. | 2 |
| Generally roses require _____ inch(es) of water per week. | 1 |
| Wetting the foliage of roses is to be avoided because it leads to increased__________. | Incidence of disease |
| Roses should begin a ________ program when new growth begins in the spring and continue through late August. | Fertilization |
| Applying too much ____ can burn the roots and possibly kill the plant | Fertilizer |
| Although light, regular feedings are most effective, a _______ application of fertilizer following pruning is often more feasible. | Spring and fall. |
| An ____ retains moisture in the soil , keeps the roots cooler in the summer and warmer in the winter, and prevents weed growth. | Organic Mulch |
| What is not an example of organic mulch? | Pea gravel |
| The most common insect attacking rose flowers is/are ________. | Thrips |
| ______infested with thrips will not open properly. | Buds |
| ______aere probably the most common insect found on roses in Louisiana. | Aphids |
| Which insects can be controlled by applications of a recommended miticide? | Spider mite |
| What are the two most common species of spider mites found on roses? | Red and Two-spotted |
| Which of the following is occasionally a pest of roses in Louisiana? | Cucumber Beetle |
| Which is the most widely distributed fungai disease of roses in Louisiana? | Black Spot |
| The black spot fungus is usually present on _________. | The upper surface of the leaf. |
| Black spot fungus is usually present on : | The upper surface of the leaf |
| Black sopt causes ___ in roses. | Premature defoliation |
| To control black spot, _______ should be applied throughout the growing season. | Fungicide |
| What is not a common fungicide ingredient? | Formaldehyde |
| ______ appears on roses in early spring and late summer when nights are relatively cool. | Powdery Mildew |
| ___ is a fungal disorder that can be identified by the apperance of rough, circular, bright orange spots on the underside of leaves and on stems. | Leaf rust |
| _____causes infected plants to become stunted. All infected plants must then be disgarded. | Crown gall |
| Most modern rose varities should be pruned in _____ and again in ________. | February and August |
| Which of the following is not a reaso to prune roses? | To control insects. |
| Once rosebushes are established, _____ of blossoms in encouraged. | Cutting |
| Landscape contractors are required by law to obtain a license from the _____________. | Louisiana Department of Agriculture and Forestry |
| The Louisiana Agriculture and Forestry Commission does NOT regulate which of the following professions? | Gardener |
| The Louisiana Agriculture and Forestry Commission regulates which of the following? | Nursery stock dealer and cut flower dealer |
| In order to receive fees from clients in a job regulated by the Louisiana Agriculture and Forestry Commission, one must __________. | Hold a valid landscaping license |
| Those who fail to comply with section 3804 of the Louisiana Horticulture Commission Rules and Regulations are subject to a fine of __________. | $250 per violation |
| __________ applies only to person and property and not connected with a project. | Contractor's liability insurance |
| ________is applied to injury, death, and property damage from operations preformed for the contractor by independent subs. | Contractors protective liability insurance |
| _________ covers the contractor if faulty construction causes damage after the project is turned over to the owner. | Competed operation insurance |
| ________is a policy where the insurance company assumes owner's risk and covers employees only. | Workman's compensation Insurance |
| More business failures occur due to________than contractor incompetency. | Poor record keeping |
| A_______ is a type of insurance policy that ensures that the contractor will satisfactorily complete the work documented in the contract. | Bond |
| Which of the following is NOT one of the three basic bonds a contractor may be required to purchase? | Contract bond |
| A______ bond assures that the contractor will accept the job if it is offered to him. | Bid bond |
| A__________ bond is the most common type of bond purchased. It protects the owner from default on a job according to the agreement by the landscape contractor. | Performance bond |
| A________ bond assures payment of all labor and material costs directly related to the job | Payment or Labor and Materials bond |
| In most projects involving landscape construction, a client is well advised to employ a _________. | Landscape architect |
| A ________ is responsible for all aspects of the landscape design. | Landscape architect |
| Which of the following is NOT a factor that should be taken into consideration during an on-site visit? | Cleanliness |
| Which of the following is NOT a factor that should be used to determine Material and Labor Costs? | Food and travel expenses |
| ________ are the costs that are generally the most difficult to calculate and require experience with actual landscape installation in order to be estimated properly. | Direct job expenses |
| Which of the following is NOT an item typically included in a landscaping contract? | Vacation days |
| The _______- has standardized pre-printed contracts available that may be suitable for landscape contractual use. | American Institute of Archiects |
| Spring flowering bulbs are usually planted in Louisiana: | October to December |
| ________are used for branches larger than 1 1/2 inches in diameter. | Pruning saws |
| ________are for clipping small-leafed plants to maintain a formal appearance. | Hedge Shears |
| A susceptible host,, a parasitic organism, environmental conditions are 3 factors always present for a ___________ disease. | Pathogenic |
| What is NOT commonly used type of contract? | Sum-Plus contract |
| ______ is the most common form of general contract in which the owner agrees to pay a set amount to the contractor for executing the services specified in the contract. | Fixed-Price contract |
| In a ____ contract, the owner pays the contractor for necessary costs incurred in the construction of the project. | Cost-Plus contract |
| It is unwise to participate in ___ because the subcontractor receives the job may well be forced into a choice between doing the job at a loss or resorting to substandard workmanship. | Bid Peddling |
| During inspection for final acceptance, the landscape contractor should have a(n) ______ to be signed by the client. | Acceptance Form |
| It is not a Louisiana law to include a warranty or guarantee for plants installed by the landscape contractor, but is common practice to include a _____ day guarntee | 90 |
| When shopping for a subcontract, the contract should preferably be rewarded to the_____. | Lowest Bidder |
| Which of these is not a component of successful pest management? | Meet the needs of the home owner |
| A successful pest management system will: | When using pesticides, use a combination of methods to manage pests |
| Which of these is a non-pesticide method of pest management? | Removal of pests from the host |
| ______ control involves the use of naturally occurring enemies of pests. | Biological |
| _____ control is the rotation of crops and using tilling to control pests. | Cultural |
| ____- control uses traps screens, barriers and electricity to prevent the spread of pests or reduce infestations. | Mechanical |
| ___________is a form of pest control where plant varieties are developed which are immune to certain pests. | Host resistance |
| ________ is one of the main attributes of insects and disease problems that is NOT associated with healthy plants. | Stress |
| _____ are generally the fastest way to manage pests. | Pesticides |
| This pesticide is used to control mites, ticks, and spiders. | Acaricide |
| This pesticide is used to control organisms like, Bacillus, Coccus, and Spirillum. | Bactericide |
| This pesticide is used to control organisms such as slugs and snails. | Molluscicide |
| This pesticide is used to control organisms such as caterpillars, bettles and aphids. | Insecticide |
| This pesticide is used to control organisms such asdandelions, crabgrass and clover. | Herbicide |
| This pesticide is used to control organisms such as rats and mice. | Rodenticides |
| What is not a common origin of pesticides? | Petroleum based pesticides |
| Arsenic, copper boron, chlorine and sulfur are all used in making pesticides. What is a synthetic pesticide? | Chlorine |
| These pesticides are made from minerals. | Inorganic pesticides |
| These pesticides interfere with the development of pests and cause sterility. | Growth regulators |
| Which of these is an example of a synthetic organic pesticide? | sevin |
| what is an example of a growth regulator? | Extinguish |
| Botanical pesticides are made from : | Plants or plant parts |
| You are a nursery owner and a customer approaches you about a pest problem in her garden. She wants a pesticide that will be safe, naturally occurring and effective. what would you recommend? sevin, Malathon or maneb? | None of these. |
| Prior to using any pesticide, you should instruct your customers to do what procedure? | Read the label of the pesticide and follow all rules and regulations. |
| Pesticides kill in a variety of ways. What is not a method? | Preventing reproduction |
| This method of poisoning kills pests by simply touching them. | Contact poisons |
| A pesticide that is toxic to some kinds of plants or animals, but not to others is said to be ___? | Selective |
| This method of application of a pesticide will kill plants by being absorbed by the leaves, stems or roots and moving throughout the plant. | Translocated |
| A customer walks into your garden and tells you of an insect problem they're having.They told you they went to a large chain store garden center & purchased a bottle of herbicide to kill the insects but have experienced very poor results. What's the cause | The pesticide used was not meant for the intended target |
| Since all chemicals work in small amounts, care should be used to ________. | Treat only the intended target |
| The ability of pests to resist poisoning is called ____. | Pesticide resistance |
| Climatic factors affect the effectiveness of pesticides.Which of these is not a climatic factor? | Soil |
| Soil texture affects the way pesticides work. Finer textured soils have more surface area to cover and may need ____. | Higher application rates |
| Soil texture affects the way pesticides work.Coarser textured soils have less surface area to cover and may need ______. | Lower application rates |
| Pesticide failure may be attributed to many factors. What is not a factor for pesticide failure? | Water clarity |
| The chemicals in a pesticide that do the work are called ________. | Active Ingredients |
| Which of these is not a liquid formulation of pesticides? | Flowables |
| The term(s) _____ includes all info. provided by the chemical company or other government bodies regarding safe and effective use of the product. | Labeling |
| Signal words on pesticide containers give a clue as to how dangerous the product is to humans. What is NOT a signal word? | Toxic |
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