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SLPA 3704 chapter 2
Anatomy of Respiration
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Gas exchange is carried out by the ______, while the rib cage performs a protective function. | Lungs |
| How does Speech Production occur ? | Speech production occurs as a result of a vibration of a column of air in the upper respiratory passages This air vibration leads to a vibratory movement of the vocal folds (VFs) |
| Respiratory system | The respiratory system is included within two cavities and the bony cage surrounding it The respiratory tract is subdivided into upper respiratory and lower respiratory tracts |
| What does the upper Respiratory system include? | Nasal Cavitiy , Oral Cavity, Pharynx and Larynx |
| What does the lower Respiratory system include? | Trachea, Bronchial tree and lungs |
| The two cavities are the thoracic cavity and the abdominal cavity separated by ______ ? | The diaphram |
| What are the Two main components that make up the Skeletal system ? | 1. Axial 2. Appendiculiar |
| What does the Axial division of the skeletal system include ? | - Skull and associated bones Auditory ossicles Hyoid bones -Vertebral column: has five divisions: cervical, thoratic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal -Thorax: Ribs sternum |
| What does the Appendicular division of the Skeletal system include? | Pectoral girdle and Upper extremity bones -Pelvic girdle and lower extremity bones |
| Vertebrae are separated by what ? | intervertebral discs (cartilage) |
| The vertebral column has an ____ shape curvature | S- shape |
| How many cervical Vertebrae are there ? | 7 |
| How many thoracic vertebrae are there ? | 12 |
| How many Lumbar vertebrae are there ? | 5 |
| How many Sacrum vertebrae are there ? | 5 fused |
| How many Coccyx vertebrae are there | 3-4 fused |
| Name the First cervical Vertebrae ! | Atlas: ring of bone, superior facets for occipital condyles, nodding movement at atlanto-occipital joint. |
| Name the Second Cerrvical Vertebrae ! | Axis: pivotal movement at atlanto-axial joint |
| Pectoral Girdle | Formed by the Clavical and the Scapula and connects upper limbs to the axial skeleton |
| Only the _______ attaches to the Thorax | Clavicval |
| What are the largest and strongest vertebrae ? | Lumbar and Sacral vertebrae becuase they support the weight of the body. |
| What vertebrae lack spinous processes and are fused together by ossified intervertebral discs? | Sacral vertebrae, have no spinous processes and are fused together by ossified intervertebral discs forming the sacrum |
| How is the Spinal Canal formed ? | The spinal canal is formed when all vertebral foramen are together. |
| Intervertebral foramen are _____vertebral notches together | two |
| The Pelvic Girdle attached the ______ to the ______ | The pelvic girdle attaches the lower limbs to the axial skeleton. |
| Each wing of the pelvic girdle is formed from a bone called the | Hip Bone |
| The bony skeleton of the chest /thoracic cage or cavity) of the respiratory system includes (4 things) | 1. verterbral column 2.Ribs and coastal cartilage: 1-7 are true ribs 8-10 are false 11-12 are floating 3. sternum which is connected to ribs 1-7 4. two clavical or coller bones. |
| Thoracis cage/ Cavity is formed by | 12 pairs of ribs on both sides 12 thoracic vertebrae in the midline posteriorly, with costal cartilages Sternum in midline anteriorly. 7- true 3- false 2-floating |
| The bony skeleton is supported and connected together by muscles and ligaments forming which two cavities ? | 1. Thoracic 2. Abdominal |
| Thoracis and abdominal cavity are separated by the ______? | Diaphram |
| The thoracic cavity includes: | lungs, heart, thoracic duct and major blood vessels |
| The abdominal cavity includes: | mainly contains the stomach, intestine, liver, spleen and other abdominal viscera, blood vessels, lymphatics |
| External intercoastal muscles along with the diaphram form the main muscles of : | Inspiration |
| There are 11 pairs and they originate from the lower surface of the rib above to the upper margin of the rib below in oblique downward direction. | External intercoastal muscles |
| Contraction of the EIM elevate the whole rib cage with increase in the anterior-posterior as well as the side to side diameters of the thoracic cavity, that leads to increase the volume of the thoracic cavity, with subsequent decrease of pressure | External intercoastal muscles |
| Internal intercoastal muscles | 11 pairs of muscles that participate in expiration. Arise from the lower border of the rib above to the upper border of the rib below |
| Contraction of IIM brings the thoracic cage down with decreasing the diameter of the chest leading to decrease the thoracic volume and increase of the intrathoracic pressure leading to exhalation | internal intercoastal muscles |
| What five systems are involved in speech production | Respiratory , Phonatory , Articulatory, Nervous, Auditory |
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