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Eval Test 2

axial & grashey; clavicle; toes; calcaneus; ankle; scapula; foot; AC

QuestionAnswer
What is the patient positioning for the Inferosuperior axial shoulder? patient supine w/ shoulder elevated; rotate head opposite way; arm abducted 90 degrees from body; palm up (extern. rotation)
What is the CR for the inferosuperior axial shoulder? horizontal beam; directed 25-30 degrees medially into the axilla & humeral head
Which structures should be in profile for the inferosuperior axial shoulder? lesser tubercle and coracoid process
How much should the body be rotated for a Grashey shoulder? 35-45 degrees towards affected side
what is the CR for the grashey shoulder projection? mid scapulohumeral joint
If glenohumeral joint space is closed and the coracoid process superimposed the humeral head by more than 1/4", then the obliquity is what? too steep
What is the CR placement for AP Toes? MTP joint (digits 1-5)
What rotation is for digits 4 & 5 on oblique toes? lateral rotation
What joints need to be included in the AP clavicle? AC and SC joints (acromioclavicular & sternoclavicular)
What is the patient position for the AP scapula? erect or supine; posterior surface of shoulder against bucky; abduct arm 90 degrees and supinate hand
What is another name for the Axial calcaneus? plantodorsal calcaneus
What is the CR for an AP ankle? vertically thru ankle joint; midpoint between malleoli
What is the tube angulation for AP foot? 10 degrees posteriorly
Which projection of the AC joints is done first? w/o weights
Which joints are open on the AP foot? MTP & TMT joints
What is the CR for the axial calcaneus? base of 3rd metatarsal (exits posterior to malleoli)
Which joints should be opened on the AP toes? IP and MTP joints
Which rotation is for the 3rd digit in oblique toes? either medial or lateral
how much of the metatarsal should be visualized on the oblique toes? 1/2 distal metatarsal
T or F: heads of metatarsals should overlap False
How do you check for obliquity on toes? heads of metatarsals should appear directly side by side with no or only minimal overlapping
which joint should be included on the axial calcaneus? talocalcaneal joint
How can you tell if the calcaneus is rotated? 1st or 5th metatarsal should will be projected to the side
On the axial calcaneus, what happens when the tube is angled too much or foot is dorsiflexed over 90 degrees? elongation
Why is the tube angulation 40 degrees for the axial calcaneus? Cieszynski's rule; if CR is to IR=foreshortened, if CR is to anatomy=elongation
What is the CR for the big toe (1st digit) on the lateral? IP joint (interphalangeal joint)
What level should the sternal end of the clavicle be at on an AP clavicle? T4
On a lateral scapula, if the arm is crossed over the body (hand on opposite shoulder) what is best demonstrated? body & superior scapula
on a lateral scapula, if the arm is down by the side what part of the scapula is best demonstrated? acromion & coracoid process
How can you tell if a lateral scapula is over rotated? the lateral border is in the ribs
How can you tell the difference between the lateral border and the medial border of the scapula? lateral border is thicker
On an inferosuperior axial shoulder, how can you tell if the tube angulation is too wide (far away from pt.)? the coracoid base is in front of glenoid margin.
On a grashey shoulder, if the glenohumeral joint space is closed and the corcoid process is not superimposed over the humeral head then how is the obliquity? too shallow
How can you check for rotation on AP foot? -equal distance between 2nd & 5th metatarsals -base of 1st and 2nd MT separated (2-5 appear overlapped) -joint spaces between medial and intermediate cuneiforms should be opened
What is the relationship between the arch of the foot and the tube angulation for AP foot? increase in arch = increase tube angulation; flat feet require less tube angulation because the CR should be perpendicular to the metatarsals
How much obliquity is for the oblique foot? 30-40 degrees medially
What is the CR for the oblique foot? perpendicular to the base of the 3rd MT. the general plane of the dorsum of the foot should be parallel to IR and perpendicular to the CR.
which projection is the sinus tarsi best seen on? medial oblique foot
What is the CR for the lateral foot? medial cuneiform
On a lateral foot, where should the fibula be seen? fibula should overlap the posterior portion of the tibia
Which joint should be seen on the lateral foot? talotibial joint
On the lateral foot, because of the transverse arch which digit should be more inferior? 5th digit
On a lateral foot, how can you tell if the toes are elevated? the fibula will superimpose more of the anterior part of the tibia.
What is an alternative projection for the AC joints? unilateral. if the pt. is too large for one image.
Why is the unilateral AC joints projection preferred? reduced thyroid dose and AC joint is more open because the CR is perpendicular.
Which landmarks should be perpendicular to the IR to have a true lateral scapula for a great Y-view projection? acromial tip & superior angle
How can you tell if the scapula is under rotated on a lateral Y-view? lateral border still lateral but not superimposing
What is the CR for AP scapula? mid scapula; 2" inferior to coracoid process (level of axilla) & 2" medial from lateral border.
on the AP clavicle what structure should superimpose over the clavicle? superior angle of scapula
On the axial clavicle, where should the medial end of the clavicle project? superimpose over 1st and 2nd ribs
How should a L lateral foot be displayed correctly? toes point to the right
How much tube angulation is needed for the axial calcaneus? 40 degrees cephalic
How should a R axial shoulder (inferosuperior) shoulder be correctly displayed? the glenoid cavity should be on the R side. Like you are looking at the pt. from the tube view.
What is the CR for the lateral calcaneus? 1" inferior to medial malleolus
T or F: on the AP ankle, the malleoli will be the same distance from the IR. False: the lateral malleolus is 15 degrees more posterior
On the AP ankle which joint is there some overlapping and is normal? tibiofibular
What is the CR for AP ankle? vertically thru ankle joint; midpoint between malleoli
T or F: on the AP ankle, the talus should slightly overlap the distal tibia. false; the talus should slightly overlap the distal fibula
how much obliquity should the oblique ankle have? depends if you are doing the mortise or oblique; between 15-45 degrees medially
What does the mortise ankle rotation show? the mortise ankle; the malleoli are parallel to the IR.
What does the 45 degree oblique ankle show? the entire fibula in profile; there is more distance between the fibula and tibia also
what is the main purpose of the oblique ankle? to demonstrate the fibula unsuperimposed
What articulation is free of superimposition on the oblique ankle? talofibular articulation
If the sinus tarsi is demonstrated on the oblique ankle what does that mean? the ankle/foot was rotated more than 45 degrees.
What is the CR on the lateral ankle? perpendicular at the medial malleolus
on the lateral ankle which joint should be well visualized? talotibial joint
Where should the fibula be projected on the tibia on a lateral ankle? over the posterior half.
On an AP ankle, if the distal tip of the fibula is not free of superimposition of the calcaneus means what? the toes are pointed down and the ankle is not dorsiflexed.
Created by: mokapis
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