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BJU BIO CH 10A

march bio ch 10A key terms

Key TermDefinition
microbiology the study of microbes
microbes organisms that require a microscope to be seen
bacteria any of the extremely small unicellular prokaryotic organisms found in the kingdoms Archaebacteria and Eubacteria
decomposer organisms organisms that break down proteins, starches, lipids and other organic substances; primary decomposers - bacteria and fungi
archaebacteria evolutionary worldview classification of "oldest" bacteria
thermoacidophiles archaebacteria that live in very hot or acidic environments
methanogens archaebacteria that live in anaerobic environments
halophiles archaebacteria that live in very salty conditions
eubacteria "true" bacteria; contains bacteria that people are most familiar with
coccus spherical or oval-shaped bacterium
bacillus rod-shaped bacteria
spirillum spiral or corkscrew-shaped bacteria
prokaryotic lack membrane-bound organelles
Peptiodoglycan compound found in the cell walls of bacteria; important in bacteria classification due to Gram staining
Gram’s stain special staining technique used to classify bacteria
Gram-positive bacteria that stain purple
Gram-negative bacteria that stain pink
Flagella threadlike structures that aid in movement; found in many spirilla, bacilli, and a few cocci
Capsule external covering of cell wall made of complex polysaccharides; varying thickness; protects cell from adverse environments and attack from other cells
Nuclear area area of bacteria containing a double-standed chromosome of DNA
Plasmid small circular portions of DNA that are separate from the main chromosome
Mesosome an organelle that appears as invaginations of the cell membrane in prokaryotic cells; has enzymes attached to it
Bioremediation the use of living organisms (often bacterial with recombinant DNA) to break down toxic and harmful substances in the environment
Chemosynthetic the process of converting inorganic compounds into usable forms
Parasitic feeding on living hosts
Saprophytic nutrition gained by feeding on dead organic matter
Obligate parasite bacteria that require living tissue in order to grow
Endospore special spores produced by some bacteria that can survive long periods of unfavorable growing conditions; ex: anthrax bacteria
Obligate anaerobe bacteria that grow only in the absence of oxygen
Obligate aerobe
Facultative anaerobe bacteria that can grow as either aerobes or anaerobes
Pasteurization process in which heat or radiation is used to kill bacteria to reduce spoilage of food
Conjugation temporary union of two organisms or cells for one-way transfer of genetic material; type of sexual reproduction
Pilus a conjugation tube used for the transfer of genetic material between bacteria; may also function in attachment to surfaces
Transformation genetic change produced when DNA from one bacterium is taken up through the membrane of another bacterium
Transduction transfer of genetic material from one bacterium to another by a virus (bacteriophage) that attaches to bacteria
Cyanobacteria blue-green algae
Filament thin strands of similar cells
Heterocyst a large colorless cell in the filaments of certain cyanobacteria
Rickettsiae a group of obligate parasites in the kingdom Eubacteria
Spirochete common name for a group of spiral-shaped organisms in Kingdom Eubacteria
Mycoplasma a type of bacteria that lacks a cell wall
Created by: marchbio
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