march bio ch 10A key terms
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| microbiology | the study of microbes
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| microbes | organisms that require a microscope to be seen
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| bacteria | any of the extremely small unicellular prokaryotic organisms found in the kingdoms Archaebacteria and Eubacteria
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| decomposer organisms | organisms that break down proteins, starches, lipids and other organic substances; primary decomposers - bacteria and fungi
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| archaebacteria | evolutionary worldview classification of "oldest" bacteria
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| thermoacidophiles | archaebacteria that live in very hot or acidic environments
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| methanogens | archaebacteria that live in anaerobic environments
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| halophiles | archaebacteria that live in very salty conditions
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| eubacteria | "true" bacteria; contains bacteria that people are most familiar with
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| coccus | spherical or oval-shaped bacterium
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| bacillus | rod-shaped bacteria
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| spirillum | spiral or corkscrew-shaped bacteria
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| prokaryotic | lack membrane-bound organelles
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| Peptiodoglycan | compound found in the cell walls of bacteria; important in bacteria classification due to Gram staining
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| Gram’s stain | special staining technique used to classify bacteria
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| Gram-positive | bacteria that stain purple
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| Gram-negative | bacteria that stain pink
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| Flagella | threadlike structures that aid in movement; found in many spirilla, bacilli, and a few cocci
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| Capsule | external covering of cell wall made of complex polysaccharides; varying thickness; protects cell from adverse environments and attack from other cells
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| Nuclear area | area of bacteria containing a double-standed chromosome of DNA
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| Plasmid | small circular portions of DNA that are separate from the main chromosome
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| Mesosome | an organelle that appears as invaginations of the cell membrane in prokaryotic cells; has enzymes attached to it
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| Bioremediation | the use of living organisms (often bacterial with recombinant DNA) to break down toxic and harmful substances in the environment
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| Chemosynthetic | the process of converting inorganic compounds into usable forms
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| Parasitic | feeding on living hosts
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| Saprophytic | nutrition gained by feeding on dead organic matter
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| Obligate parasite | bacteria that require living tissue in order to grow
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| Endospore | special spores produced by some bacteria that can survive long periods of unfavorable growing conditions; ex: anthrax bacteria
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| Obligate anaerobe | bacteria that grow only in the absence of oxygen
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| Obligate aerobe |
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| Facultative anaerobe | bacteria that can grow as either aerobes or anaerobes
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| Pasteurization | process in which heat or radiation is used to kill bacteria to reduce spoilage of food
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| Conjugation | temporary union of two organisms or cells for one-way transfer of genetic material; type of sexual reproduction
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| Pilus | a conjugation tube used for the transfer of genetic material between bacteria; may also function in attachment to surfaces
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| Transformation | genetic change produced when DNA from one bacterium is taken up through the membrane of another bacterium
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| Transduction | transfer of genetic material from one bacterium to another by a virus (bacteriophage) that attaches to bacteria
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| Cyanobacteria | blue-green algae
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| Filament | thin strands of similar cells
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| Heterocyst | a large colorless cell in the filaments of certain cyanobacteria
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| Rickettsiae | a group of obligate parasites in the kingdom Eubacteria
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| Spirochete | common name for a group of spiral-shaped organisms in Kingdom Eubacteria
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| Mycoplasma | a type of bacteria that lacks a cell wall
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
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Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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