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Rowe-W. Geography

Rowe-W. Geography, Weeks 1-7, CHS

Question	Answer
absolute location	The exact position of a place on the earth's surface as identified by latitude and longitude.
atmosphere	A layer of gases that surrounds the earth.
autocracy	Government by one person.
biosphere	The part of the earth where life exists
birthrate	The number of births per year for every 1,000 people.
command economy	Type of economy in which the government makes all the production decisions.
commercial farming	Farming organized as a business; growing crops to sell.
communism	A type of command economy in which the government controls all elements of society.
condensation	The process of excess water vapor changing into liquid water when warm air cools.
Coriolis effect	An effect that causes the prevailing winds to blow diagonally rather than along strict north-south or east-west lines.
cultural diffusion	The spread of new knowledge and skills from one culture to another.
cultural hearths	A center where cultures developed and from which ideas and traditions spread outward - China, Egypt, India (Pakistan), Mesopotamia (Iraq), and Middle America.
culture	Way of life of a group of people who share beliefs and similar customs.
death rate	The number of deaths per year for every 1,000 people.
democracy	Government by many or even all people.
desalination	The removal of salt water from sea water to make it usable for drinking and farming.
developed countries	Countries advanced in technology and manufacturing and with a high standard of living.
developing countries	Countries behind in technological advances and manufacturing; lots of poverty; these countries have low levels of industrialization.
dictatorship	A type of autocracy in which an individual has seized power through force.
doldrums	Windless areas around the equator.
economy	System by which goods and services are produced and distributed to meet people's needs.
equinox	The time when day and night are of equal length.
erosion	Wearing away of the Earth's surface by wind, flowing water, and glaciers.
ethnic group	Group of people who share common ancestry, language, religion, customs, or a combination of such characteristics.
evaporation	Process of converting water into vapor.
federal system	Type of government in which power is shared between the national and state levels of governments.
formal region	A region defined by a common characteristic, such as production of a product.
functional region	A central point and the surrounding territory linked to it.
government	The institution through which the state maintains social order, provides public services, and enforces binding decisions on citizens.
greenhouse effect	The capacity of certain gases in the atmosphere to trap heat, thereby warming the earth.
How does Earth's tilt and revolution affect the seasons?	It affects the amount of direct sunlight that the earth receives which causes the seasons.
How much of Earth's water is freshwater?	about 3%
human-environment interaction	The study of the inter-relationship between people and their physical environment.
hydrosphere	The watery areas of the earth, including oceans, lakes, rivers, and other bodies of water.
imports/exports	Commodities sent to or brought in from outside countries.
industrialization	The process of increasing the amount of industry in a country; the spread of industry.
leeward side	The side of the mountain facing away from the wind.
lithosphere	Surface land areas of the earth's crust, including continents and ocean basins.
market economy	Type of economy which allows for private ownership and in which consumers make the production decisions.
migration	The movement of people from place to place.
monarchy	A type of autocracy in which a king or queen rules the country.
movement	People, goods, and ideas get around.
nonrenewable resources	Resources that cannot be replaced; oil and coal are examples.
oligarchy	Government by only a few people.
place	What a location is like both physically and culturally.
population distribution	The pattern of population in a country, a continent, or the world.
precipitation	Moisture that falls to the earth as rain, sleet, hail, or snow.
primary economic activities	Jobs related to the extraction of raw materials; examples include farming, mining, and fishing.
quaternary economic activities	Jobs focused on the processing, management, and distribution of information; computer programmers, and phone application designers are examples.
rain shadow effect	When wind hits the windward side of the mountain, all the moisture is left there and the wind continues to the leeward side of the mountain as hot, dry air.
relative location	Location in relation to other places; for example, Mexico is south of Texas.
renewable resources	Resources that can be replaced; wind, hydroelectric, and solar power are examples.
republic	A type of democracy in which citizens elect representatives to vote on laws.
Ring of Fire	An area around the Pacific Ocean that has the largest occurrence of earthquakes and volcano eruptions in the world.
secondary economic activities	Jobs are focused on manufacturing foods from raw materials; industrial, and construction activities.
subsistence farming	Producing just enough food for a family or a village to survive; growing food for local consumption.
summer solstice	When sunlight is directly hitting the Tropic of Cancer; the longest day of the year in the Northern Hemisphere.
tertiary economic activities	Service industry jobs; jobs are focused on providing services to consumers; teacher, truck drivers, and nurses are examples.
core	The inner layer of the Earth.
mantle	The middle layer of the Earth made of magma.
crust	The outer layer of the Earth.
To what degree is Earth tilted? How does this effect temperature?	23.5 degrees; not all places on Earth receive the same amount of sunlight.
traditional economy	The type of economy in which production and consumption decisions are made according to custom.
unitary system	Type of government in which all power is held at the national level.
water cycle	Evaporation, condensation, precipitation; the amount of water on Earth never changes, but it simply changes form and location.
What and when was the Agricultural Revolution?	When people started farming- 8000 BC.
What and when was the Industrial Revolution?	When people started using powered machines - 1750 AD.
What and when was the Information Revolution?	When people started using computers - 1980 AD.
What are the 5 factors that effect climate?	latitude; elevation; prevailing winds; ocean currents; land forms, and bodies of water
What are the 5 themes of geography?	location; place; movement; human environment interaction; region
What are the different types of economies?	market, command, mixed, and traditional
What are the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn?	The Tropic of Cancer is located at 23.5 degrees N and the Tropic of Capricorn is located at 23.5 degrees S - the lowest and highest points of latitude to receive direct sunlight.
What are the two main elements of culture?	language and religion
What is a Constitution?	A written plan for government.
What is continental drift?	The theory that the continents were once joined in a single continent called Pangaea and then slowly drifted apart.
What is Earth's axis?	The point that it rotates on; each rotation takes 24 hours a day.
What is Earth's revolution?	The trip the Earth makes around the sun yearly; 365 and 1/4 days.
What is plate tectonics?	The term scientists use to describe the theory that the crust of the Earth is make of huge slabs of rock which move apart and crash together.
What is the difference between weather and climate?	The weather is the condition of the atmosphere at a given place and time; weather conditions over a long period of time are called climate.
What is the highest point on earth?	Mt. Everest
What is the main factor in determining the climate of an area?	latitude
What is the major source of pollution?	the burning of fossil fuels
What is the predominant religion (and branch) and language in Latin America?	Christianity - Roman Catholic- Spanish
What is the predominant religion (and branch) and language in North America?	Christianity - Protestant - English
What is the predominant religion and language in North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Central Asia?	Islam - Arabic
What percentage of the earth is water?	70%
What are the different types of governments?	autocracy, oligarchy, democracy
What three things can be explained by the theory of plate tectonics?	mountains, volcanoes, and earthquakes
When did Columbus "discover America?	1492 AD
When did Da Gama sail around Africa to India?	1497 AD
When did the first four culture hearth civilizations begin?	4000 BC
When did Viking colonization of North America fail and the Middle America culture hearth start?	1000 AD
When was the Constitution of the United States ratified?	1787
When was the Declaration of Independence signed?	1776
Which country in Europe did Columbus sail from?	Spain
Which country in Europe did Da Gama sail from?	Portugal
Which two events started the Modern Age and led to Europe taking control of the world?	Columbus and Da Gama's voyages
Why is trade necessary?	Resources are not evenly distributed among countries.
windward side	The side of the mountain facing the wind.
winter solstice	When sunlight is directly hitting the Tropic of Capricorn; the longest night of the year in the Northern Hemisphere.

Created by: pennyboone

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