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Physical Examination
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what are the 4 technique of assessment? | ascultations, palpations, percussion and inspection |
| define inspection. | casual observation to visual scrutiny of the patient |
| what is the palpation technique? | process whereby the examiner uses the hands to feel for body movement , lumps, masses and skin characteristics. can be light or deep. |
| what is the percussion technique? | where examiner places a finger against a body part and strike that finger with a fingertip from the other hand. the results can suggest normal tissues or typical sounds assoc. w/ abnormalities |
| what are the 5 percussion tones? | flat, dull, resonant, hyperresonant, and tympanic |
| What are auscultations? | most commonly used technique, includes listening to vital signs w/ a stethoscope places on bare skin. |
| define a flat percussion tone | soft , high pitch and short duration. can be heard over the thigh |
| define a dull percussion tone | medium intensity, pitch and duration. commonly heard over liver or tumor |
| define a resonant percussion tone | loud intensity , low pitch and long duration. commonly heard over normal lung tissue |
| define a hyperressonant percussion tone | very loud intensity, very low pitch and longer duration. commonly heard over emphysematous lung. |
| define a tympanic percussion tone | loud intensity, high pitch and medium duration may be heard over gastric bubble |
| define tactile fremitus | palpation of vibrations of the chest wall as the patient speaks. |
| what are the adventitous breath sounds commonly heard during ascultations? | crackles, wheezing, ronchi, stridor, pleural friction rubs. |
| what does the use of accessory muscles imply? | an increased work of breathing or diaphragm weakness |
| describe a barrel chest | chest configuration in which the individual's anteroposterior chest is equal to the lateral diameter |
| describe flail chest and paradoxical respirations. | apperarnace of thorax w/multiple rib fractures, causing the chest wall to move outward on expiration and inward on inspiration |
| what is scoliosis? | lateral curvature of the spine. |
| what is Kyphosis? | forward curvature of the spine. |
| What is Lordosis? | backward curvature of the spine |
| what is the purpose of measuring diaphragmatic excursion? | to ensure that the lungs are expanding equally |
| define stridor | a crowning sound commonly caused by inflammation and edema of the larynx and trachea |
| what are crackles? | discontinuous sounds heard at end of inspiration, usually associated w/ the accumulation of fluid. |
| how many lobes are in the right and left lung? | R-3, L-2 |
| how many segments are in each lung? | 10 |
| define pectus escavatum | funnel shape sternum |
| term for pigeon breasted sternum | pectus carinatum |
| fingers that appear full, fleshy and vascular are termed? | clubbing of the fingers |
| what are the lung sounds assessed during ascultations? | vesicular, bronchovesicular, bronchial/tracheal |
| describe characteristics of vesicular sounds | low pitch, soft and short expirations; heard over most lung fields. |
| describe characteristics of bronchovesicular sounds | medium pitch , expirations equaling inspirations; hear over main bronchus |
| describe characteristics of bronchial/tracheal sounds | high pitch, loud and long expirations; heard only over trachea |
| describe decorticate posturing | extension , internal rotation of arms and extending legs |
| describe decerebrate posturing | flexing of arms at the elbow and wrists |
| what is the RSS & RASS and what does it assess? | Richmond sedation scale & Richmond agitation sedation scale , measures the level of sedation in a patient |
| a patients level of consciousness is assessed using what scale | Glasgow Coma Scale |
| describe the sequence for lung field ascultaions | the examiner should first assess the apex of the lungs, listening to one side of the thorax and then moving to the corresponding area from posterior , anterior and laterial views. |
| describe ronchi. | deep, rumbling sounds that are more pronounced on expirations |
| describe wheezing | high pitched whistling caused by narrowing of he airways. |
| when are pleural friction rubs produced? | when visceral ans parietal pleura become inflammed and no longer glide silently against eachother. |
| 3 ways are pupils can change. | dilation, constriction and unequal ( constricted and dilated) |
| how do we measure delirium ? | CAM ( confusion assessment method) score. |
Created by:
ashleyjones
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