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Hypersensitivity

Patho

QuestionAnswer
produces an immediate response and can be local or systemic Type I
Type I is _______ mediated IgE
allergen interacts with IgE bound to mast cells and basophils, causing histamine, acetylcholine, kinins, and chemptatic factors to be released Type I
allergic rhinits s/s S/S: sneezing, itching, and watery eyes and nose, may lead to fatigue, malaise, mucsle aches and HA
food allerges s/s S/S usually involve the skin, GI, & respiratory system
usually from injected allergies and occassional food allergies systemic anaphylactic reaction
s/s of type I systemic anaphylactic reactions itching, uticaria (rash), GI cramps, difficulty breathing, angioedema (swelling in the face), rapid drop in BP
2 types of type I localized atopic disorders allergic rhinitis and food allergies
these ten to have more than one allergy d/t a high # of IgE, basophils, and mast cells type I: Localized atopic disorders (antigen is confined to one area)
what is tx for allergic rhinitis? oral antihistamines, decongestants, corticosteroids, intranasal cromolyn and atrovent
what is the TX for food allergies? avoiding the food and being prepared for an anaphlactic reaction
cytotoxia hypersensitivity reaction Type II
Type II is _____ mediated IgG or IgM
usually from hemolytic transfusion reaction of an incompatible blood type or a drug reaction Type II
Lysis of blood cells occurs b/c of the activation of the complement Type II
Type II s/s fever, chills, low back pain, hypotension, tachycardia (fast pulse), N/V, uticaria, hematuria, shock, and renal failure
Type III is _____ mediated IgG or IgM
results from the formation of IgG or IgM antibody-antigen complexes that circulate in the blood and adhere to the walls of the vessels and cause inflammation Type III
immune complex-mediated hypersensistivity reaction Type III
Type III s/s reaction specific, serum sickness has fever, jt and muscle pain, uticaria, and rash
common causes of serum sickness antibiotics, foods, drugs and insect venom
delayed hypersensitivity reaction Type IV
cell-mediated rather than antibody-mediated involving the T cells Type IV
results from an exaggerated interaction b/t an antigen and the normal cell-mediated mechanisms...involves a delayed onset of 24 to 48 hours Type IV
Type IV s/s specific to type of response: Contact dermatitis such as poison ivy: redness, induration, lesions, uticaria, & weeping
produces type I and type IV reactions latex allergies
most common latex allergy that is a reaction to the residues used in production allergic contact dermatitis (type IV)
Allergic contact dermatitis (type IV) latex reaction s/s dry, itching red rash on the hands and fingers; blistering and weeping of the skin; swelling
what response does the natural latex protein produce? IgE
can cause severe or fatal reactions and is caused from the natural latex protein immediate hypersensitivity (type I)
Immediate hypersensitivity (type I) latex reaction s/s develop within 5-30 minutes from exposure and diminish quickly when removed...immediate itching, intense swelling of fingers and hands, may progress to anaphylaxis
occurs when there is contact with latex through the mucous membranes or body cavities such as surgery anaphylaxis latex reaction
anaphylaxis latex reaction s/s local & generalized itching, uticaria, angioedema, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, asthma, extreme anxiety, GI complaints (N/V, abdominal pain), tachycardia, hypotension, syncope, coma, cardiac arrest
what are some treatments for latex allergies? topical steroids(not for systemic reactions), remove sources, Education on future prevention, medic-alert braclet, use non-irritating soaps when skin is affected
Created by: TayBay15
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