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Biochemistry
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Polar Molecule | One end is slightly positive and one end is slightly negative |
| Covalent Bond | When to atoms share electrons |
| Polar Covalent Bond | atoms share electron unequally |
| Non-Polar Covalent Bond | electron is equidistant between the two atoms |
| Cohesion | Water Sticks to water, causes surface tension |
| Adhesion | Water sticks to certain surfaces such as jars |
| High Specific Heat | Takes a lot of heat to heat up water, Break the hydrogen bonds |
| Solution | Solvent+Solute |
| Hydrophilic | Term used to describe something that will dissolve in water; Polar molecules are hydroliphic |
| Hydrophobic | used to describe something that will not dissolve in water; Non-polar molecules are hydrophobic |
| Logarithmic scale | every unit on the scale represents powers of 10 |
| Organic | contains Carbon |
| Inorganic | does not contain Carbon |
| Proteins are made up of | Amino Acids |
| Nucleic acids are made up of | Nucleotides |
| Lipids(Fats) are made up of | Fatty Acids |
| Carbohydrates are made up of | Simple Sugars |
| 4 Major Macromolecules | -Nucleic Acid -Proteins -Lipids(Fats) -Carbohydrates |
| Functions of Carbohydrates | -Quick Energy -Few Structural Compounds |
| Functions of Lipid | -Component of cell membranes -Insulation -Stored Energy -Waterproof Coverings -Some hormones are lipids ex.Estrogen and Testosterone |
| Functions of Proteins | -Structural Proteins ex.Keratin(Hair), Collagen(Finger Nails) -Transport Proteins ex.Hemoglobin -Defense Proteins ex.antibodies -Movement proteins ex.Muscle Cells -Some Hormones ex.Insulin -Enzymes-Biological Catalysts (Speed up reactions) |
| Functions of nucleic acid | Tell cells what to do by telling cells what proteins to make |
| Types of Nucleic Acid | DNA and RNA |
| Peptide bond | special bond that connect amino-acids in a protein |
| Elements found in Carbohydrates | Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen |
| Elements found in lipids | Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen |
| Elements found in Proteins | Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Sulfur |
| Elements found in Nucleic Acids | Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorous |
| Six most common Elements found in living things | Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorous, and Sulfur |
| Three Examples of Carbohydrates | mono-, di-, or poly- Saccharides |
| Monosaccharide | -has one simple sugar -Glucose, Fructose, galactose, Ribose, and Deoxyribose |
| Disaccharide | -Sucrose(table sugar), lactose(Milk Sugar), maltose(Malt Sugar) |
| Polysaccharide | -Starch(in plants) -Glycogen (animals stored in liver and muscles) -Cellulose(Plant sell walls-fiber-can't be digested) -Chitin(only found in arthropod exoskeleton and Fungal cell walls) |
| Examples of Lipids | -Fats, Waxes, Oils, Phospholipids, steroids |
| Nucleic Acids | DNA and RNA |
| Dehydration Synthesis Reactions | -Lose Water -Make (build) macro-molecule |
| Hydrolysis Reactions | -Add water -Breaks Macro-milecules |
| Characteristics of Enzymes | -3-d (Globular)proteins -Have an active site where substrate binds -Very Selective about the substrates they will interact with -Act as Catalysts(Get reactions going) -Speed up rate of reactions by 1,000,000(1 million times faster) -Names end in -ase |
| Factors that effect Enzyme function | -Temperature, pH, Salinity, and Denaturation |
| Denaturation | Change the protein and will not work anymore |
| Characteristics of DNA | -Double Stranded -Sugar is Deoxyribose -has A,T,G,C(no U) |
| Characteristics of RNA | -Single stranded -Sugar is Ribose -A,U(Uracil),C,G(no T) |
| .........H...R...O ..........\..|..// ...........N-C-C ........../..|..\ .........H...H..OH | Amino Acid |
| Hexagonal or Pentagonal structure that only contains the elements Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen | Simple Sugar |
| CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-COOH | Fatty Acid |
| Hexagonalstructure with 5 simple sugars, a base that contains Nitrogen, a Phosphoric group, and an acid | Nucleotide |
Created by:
Eott55
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