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Biomolecules

QuestionAnswer
A carbon-containing molecule is called? Organic
What is a chain of carbons attached to hydrogens? hydrocarbon
This describes a molecule that repels water (hint: “fear of water”). Example: Fat molecule Hydrophobic
This describes a molecule that is attracted to water (hint: “water-loving”). Example: hydrocarbons. Hydrophilic
A general term for a small subunit that can be linked together to make a large chain molecule. Monomer
A general term for a molecule consisting of a long chain of smaller subunits. Polymer
This is a chemical reaction that uses water to split a polymer into individual monomers (hint: to break with water). Hydrolysis reaction
This is a chemical reaction where a monomer is added to a growing chain by removal of a single water molecule. Dehydration reaction
This simple sugar is formed through photosynthesis. It is also referred to as “blood sugar.” Glucose
This class of molecules consists of C, H, and O atoms. Its main function is to provide energy for the cell. You “load up” on this before a big game or race! Carbohydrate
A simple sugar made of a single ring. Example: Fructose. Monosaccharide
A simple sugar made of a double ring. Example: Sucrose. Disaccharide
A complex carbohydrate made of a long chain of sugar molecules linked together. Example: Starch. Polysaccharide
A long chain of glucose molecules linked together. Function: energy storage in plants. Starch
A complex carbohydrate whose function is energy storage in animals. Found in liver & muscle cells. Glycogen
A carbohydrate made long glucose chains that is a structural molecule found in plant cell walls. Cellulose
Another word for cellulose Fiber
This is a class of molecules that contain fats & oils Lipid
A triglyceride, containing a glycerol attached to three fatty acid chains. Fat molecule
This lipid molecule has the maximum number of hydrogens attached to the carbon chain. It is solid at room temperature. Saturated fat
This lipid molecule is liquid at room temperature. Its fatty acid chains have double bonds between some of the carbons, causing kinks in the carbon chain. Unsaturated fat
This is an example of an unsaturated fat. Olive oil
This is an example of a saturated fat. Butter
This is caused by having too much saturated fat in your diet. cardiovascular disease
Cholesterol found in the cell membrane is used to build this. (not the illegal kind!) Steroid
Examples: testosterone, estrogen. Hormone
This is a lipid molecule in the cell membrane. Too much of this in the blood causes blood vessel disease. Cholesterol
This molecule is formed by linking together several polypeptides. Example: hemoglobin. Protein
This is a monomer of a polypeptide. There are 20 different ones that can be linked together to form various polypeptide sequences. Amino Acids
A short protein, or a segment of a protein. Polypeptide
This is what happens when you overheat an enzyme. Essentially it means to irreparably change the shape of the enzyme so it no longer works. Denature
The amount of energy it takes to get a chemical reaction started. Activation energy
A compound that speeds up a chemical reaction. Catalyst
A biological catalyst. Examples: catalase, sucrase, amylase. Enzyme
A molecule that binds to the active site of an enzyme. Substrate
The region of an enzyme that fits “like a lock and a key” to one specific molecule. Active site
The chemical formula for glucose. C6H12O6
This is a good source of protein that fits into a vegetarian diet. Nuts
The simplified formula for a carbohydrate molecule. CH2O
Created by: taatum
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