Biomolecules
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| A carbon-containing molecule is called? | Organic
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| What is a chain of carbons attached to hydrogens? | hydrocarbon
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| This describes a molecule that repels water (hint: “fear of water”). Example: Fat molecule | Hydrophobic
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| This describes a molecule that is attracted to water (hint: “water-loving”). Example: hydrocarbons. | Hydrophilic
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| A general term for a small subunit that can be linked together to make a large chain molecule. | Monomer
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| A general term for a molecule consisting of a long chain of smaller subunits. | Polymer
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| This is a chemical reaction that uses water to split a polymer into individual monomers (hint: to break with water). | Hydrolysis reaction
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| This is a chemical reaction where a monomer is added to a growing chain by removal of a single water molecule. | Dehydration reaction
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| This simple sugar is formed through photosynthesis. It is also referred to as “blood sugar.” | Glucose
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| This class of molecules consists of C, H, and O atoms. Its main function is to provide energy for the cell. You “load up” on this before a big game or race! | Carbohydrate
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| A simple sugar made of a single ring. Example: Fructose. | Monosaccharide
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| A simple sugar made of a double ring. Example: Sucrose. | Disaccharide
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| A complex carbohydrate made of a long chain of sugar molecules linked together. Example: Starch. | Polysaccharide
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| A long chain of glucose molecules linked together. Function: energy storage in plants. | Starch
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| A complex carbohydrate whose function is energy storage in animals. Found in liver & muscle cells. | Glycogen
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| A carbohydrate made long glucose chains that is a structural molecule found in plant cell walls. | Cellulose
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| Another word for cellulose | Fiber
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| This is a class of molecules that contain fats & oils | Lipid
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| A triglyceride, containing a glycerol attached to three fatty acid chains. | Fat molecule
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| This lipid molecule has the maximum number of hydrogens attached to the carbon chain. It is solid at room temperature. | Saturated fat
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| This lipid molecule is liquid at room temperature. Its fatty acid chains have double bonds between some of the carbons, causing kinks in the carbon chain. | Unsaturated fat
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| This is an example of an unsaturated fat. | Olive oil
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| This is an example of a saturated fat. | Butter
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| This is caused by having too much saturated fat in your diet. | cardiovascular disease
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| Cholesterol found in the cell membrane is used to build this. (not the illegal kind!) | Steroid
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| Examples: testosterone, estrogen. | Hormone
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| This is a lipid molecule in the cell membrane. Too much of this in the blood causes blood vessel disease. | Cholesterol
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| This molecule is formed by linking together several polypeptides. Example: hemoglobin. | Protein
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| This is a monomer of a polypeptide. There are 20 different ones that can be linked together to form various polypeptide sequences. | Amino Acids
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| A short protein, or a segment of a protein. | Polypeptide
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| This is what happens when you overheat an enzyme. Essentially it means to irreparably change the shape of the enzyme so it no longer works. | Denature
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| The amount of energy it takes to get a chemical reaction started. | Activation energy
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| A compound that speeds up a chemical reaction. | Catalyst
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| A biological catalyst. Examples: catalase, sucrase, amylase. | Enzyme
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| A molecule that binds to the active site of an enzyme. | Substrate
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| The region of an enzyme that fits “like a lock and a key” to one specific molecule. | Active site
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| The chemical formula for glucose. | C6H12O6
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| This is a good source of protein that fits into a vegetarian diet. | Nuts
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| The simplified formula for a carbohydrate molecule. | CH2O
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