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FNS 1: ANS

Neuro Lecture 1: Autonomic Nervous System

QuestionAnswer
Is the ANS a 1-neuron system or 2-neuron system? two-neuron system
Where are ANS 1st order neurons located and where do they travel? inside the CNS, send fibers to a ganglion
Where are ANS 2nd order neurons located and where do they travel? outside the CNS in an autonomic ganglion, send fibers to target organs
What are the 3 types/groups of organs that the ANS innervates? smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and exocrine glands
Is the ANS a voluntary system, a reflex system, or both? exclusively reflex/ involuntary
Is the ANS a visceral efferent system or a visceral afferent system? both
Name the 2 divisions of the ANS Parasympathetic + Sympathetic NS
Which division of the ANS is labeled thoracolumbar outflow? Which segments of the spinal cord contribute to this division? Sympathetic Nervous System- T1-L2
Which division of the ANS is labeled craniosacral outflow? Which nerves contribute to this division (be specific)? Parasympathetic Nervous System; CNs III, VII, IX, & X and S2-S4
Where are ganglia located in the PSNS? Outside the CNS- near the target organ
Where are ganglia located in the SNS? In the Sympathetic Chain; or the Celiac, Renal, Superior Mesentaric, or Inferior Mesenteric ganglia
Where do PSNS fibers in CN III synapse? What are they responsible for? Ciliary ganglion; pupillary constriction + accomodation for near vision
Where do PSNS fibers in CN VII synapse? What are they responsible for? Pterygopalatine ganglion or Submandibular ganglion; secretion from these glands
Where do PSNS fibers in CN IX synapse? What are they responsible for? Otic ganglion; salivation from parotid gland
Where do PSNS fibers in CN X synapse? What are they responsible for? ganglia close to (or within) thoracic/abdominal organs up to distal transverse colon; various responsibilities
Where do PSNS fibers from the sacral PS nucleus synapse? What are they responsible for? synapse as pelvic splanchnic nerves in ganglia in/on/near pelvic structures; rectum, bladder, erectile tissue, sex organs, uterus, + large intenstines from splenic flexure to anus
What is another name for the sympathetic trunk? Paravertebral ganglia
If sympathetic fibers don’t synapse in the chain and pass directly through, what are these ganglia termed (collectively and specifically)? prevertebral ganglia (celiac, renal, or S/I mesenteric ganglia)
Are PSNS preganglionic fibers short or long? Postganglionic? Pre-long, Post-short
Do PSNS pre- and post- fibers’ discharges influence a large area or a limited area? limited
Are SNS preganglionic fibers short or long? Postganglionic? Pre-short, Post-long
Do SNS pre- and post- fibers’ discharges influence a large are or limited area? large
Which NT is utilized by cholinergic synapses? Acetylcholine
Which NT is utilized by adrenergic synapses? Noradrenaline (aka NE)
Are preganglionic PSNS fibers cholinergic or adrenergic? Cholinergic
Are postganglionic PSNS fibers cholinergic or adrenergic? Cholinergic
Are preganglionic SNS fibers cholinergic or adrenergic? Cholinergic
CN III- Where do PSNS fibers from the oculomotor nerve originate? accessory oculomotor nucleus (midbrain)
CN III- Where do preganglionic PSNS fibers from the oculomotor nerve synapse? ciliary ganglion
CN III- Where do postganglionic PSNS fibers from the oculomotor nerve end (target organs)? sphincter pupillae and ciliary muscle of the iris
What is the function of CN III PSNS fibers? pupillary constriction and lens accommodation (becomes fatter, more convex)
CN VII- Where do PSNS fibers from the facial nerve originate? superior salivatory nucleus
CN VII - Where do preganglionic PSNS fibers from the facial nerve synapse? submandibular ganglion
CN VII - Where do postganglionic PSNS fibers from the facial nerve end (target organs)? submandibular gland AND sublingual gland (and some to lacrimal gland)
What is the function of CN VII PSNS fibers? gland secretion
CN IX- Where do PSNS fibers from the glossopharyngeal nerve originate? inferior salivatory nucleus
CN IX - Where do preganglionic PSNS fibers from the glossopharyngeal nerve synapse? otic ganglion
CN IX - Where do postganglionic PSNS fibers from the glossopharyngeal nerve end (target organ)? parotid gland
What is the function of CN IX PSNS fibers? parotid gland secretion
CN X- Where do PSNS fibers from the vagus nerve originate? dorsal vagal nucleus
CN X - Where do preganglionic PSNS fibers from the vagus nerve synapse? intrinsic ganglia in/near heart, lungs, esophagus, and GI tract (to descending colon)
CN X - Where do postganglionic PSNS fibers from the vagus nerve end (target organ)? cardiac & nonstriated muscle and glands associated with heart, lungs, esophagus, and GI tract
What is the function of CN X PSNS fibers? decreased HR & conduction velocity, constrict bronchials, increased GI motility
Where do PSNS fibers of the pelvic splanchnic nerves originate? sacral PS nucleus (S2-S4)
Where do preganglionic PSNS fibers of the pelvic splanchnic nerves end (innervate)? SECONDARY neurons in the organs that they innervate
Which organs do postganglionic fibers from the pelvic splanchnic nerves innervate? rectum, bladder, sex erectile tissues, testes/ovaries, uterus, uterine tubes, and parts of large intestines (from splenic flexure to anus)
What are the PSNS functions of the pelvic splanchnic nerves? urinary detrusor contraction, trigone/sphincter relaxation, erection & vasodilation, GI gland secretion, and increased GI motility
Where do sympathetic cell bodies originate (in the spinal cord)? T1-L1 or 2
Where do sympathetic preganglionic fibers synapse? paravertebral ganglia or prevertebral ganglia
Where do sympathetic postganglionic fibers travel to (target organs)? sweat glands, arrector pili muscles (hairs), blood vessels, heart, and lungs
What are the functions of sympathetic nerve fibers? raise HR (and conduction velocity and ventricular contraction force), vessel constriction, pupil dilation, bronchi dilation, decreased GI motility, GI sphincter contraction, and ejaculation
What is the basis/cause of Horner’s syndrome? interruption of the LTT (lateral tectotegmentospinal tract- completely ipsilateral) which is under hypothalamus influence
What are symptoms of Horner’s syndrome? partial ptosis, miosis, and anhidrosis (of that side of the face)
Which are the 3 main influential centers of the ANS? cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, and amygdaloid body
Which are the 3 cerebral cortex areas (ARCs- autonomic related cortices) that influence the ANS? Brodmann area 25 (caudal part of subcallosal area), POF (posterior orbitofrontal cortex), and anterior insula
General ANS disorders See slide 31
What is CCHS (syndrome)? Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome- a chronic ANS disorder caused by a gene mutation- breathing control problems
What is FD (syndrome)? Familial dysautonomia- inherited disorder (Eastern European Jews) that affects nerves & causes trouble feeling pain, temperature, skin pressure, and limb position, as well as many other ANS problems (see slide 32)
What is HAS (syndrome)? Holmes Adie Syndrome: a neurological condition affecting pupils and ANS from a viral infection that damages ciliary ganglion and DRG (chronically dilate pupils)
What is Horner’s Syndrome caused by (3 possibilities)? interruption of the LTT, superior cervical ganglion, or internal carotid plexus
What is Orthostatic Hypotension? LBP from sitting or standing- dizziness, light-headed, or even faint; may be associated with ANS neuropathies or other dysautonomias
What is Vasovagal syncope? most common cause of fainting- overreaction to triggers (seeing blood, emotional distress)- sudden drop in HR and BP, which reduced blood to brain- the ANS isn’t properly regulating HR and BP in response to the trigger
Created by: mbyess
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