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Medications
Medication classification
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Aminoglycosides Action | Kills the bacteria cell and effective against aerobic gram-negative infections |
| Aminoglycosides Side Effects | headache, skin rash and fever |
| Aminoglycosides Adverse Effects | Nephrotoxicity and Ototoxicity |
| Aminoglycosides Monitor | nephrotoxicity- BUN, creatinine and U/A results- proteinuria *Intake and Output *ototoxicity- hearing loss, dizziness, light- headedness, tinnitus, fullness in ears |
| Aminoglycosides Teach | Take full course *Small frequent meals and 8 glasses of fluids a day * Take oral medications with food * Report sore throat, watery stools greater than 4-6 per day, severe nausea and vomiting |
| Aminoglycosides Medication | Gentamycin sulfate (Garamycin) Streptomycin sulfate (Streptomycin) |
| Aminoglycosides used for | Usually given parentally because of poorly absorbed by GI tract Sometimes given orally for local effect on GI tract to sterilize bowel prior to intestinal surgery |
| Cephalosporins Action | treat gram-negative organisms and anaerobes- usually bactericidal- treats STD’s, respiratory infections and UTI’s |
| Cephalosporins Side effects | hallucinations, convulsions, abdominal cramps, increased AST and ALT , increased K+, kidney toxicity |
| Cephalosporins advers effects | seizure activity, allergic reactions |
| Cephalosporins monitor | renal toxicity- BUN, creatinine, and I & O *usually lethargy and provide safety measured |
| Cephalosporins teach | Take the full course of the medication *Small frequent meals and 8 glasses of fluids a day * Take oral medications with food *Report severe rash, difficulty breathing, and severe diarrhea |
| Cephalosporins medication | a) Cefazolin (Ancef) b) Cephalexin (Keflex) c) Cefprozil (Cefzil) d) Cefriaxone (Rocephin) e) Cefepime (Maxipim |
| Penicillin Used to | treat respiratory infections, STD’s and UTI’s |
| Cephalosporins RED FLAG | *Don’t’ give if client has prior allergic reaction to PCN |
| Penicillin Action | Most effective against gram-positive organisms- like strept and staph -Bactericidial and bacteriostatic effect- |
| Penicillin Side effects | skin rash, pruritis, angioedema, epigastric distress, colitis, elevated liver enzymes |
| Penicillin Adverse effects | fatal if not treated immediately- N and V, severe dyspnea, stridor, hypotension, tachycardia |
| Penicillin Monitor/Assess | assess for allergies- *take the full course of the medication * If patient has diarrhea-give yogurt to replace normal flora |
| Penicillin Teach | Take on empty stomach- 1 hour before meals or 2 hours after *To report sore throat and watery stools greater than 4-6 stools/day |
| Penicillin Medication | Amoxicillin (Amoxil) Ampicillin (Omnipen) |
| Sulfanamides-Action | (first effective group of ATBs) suppress bacterial growth by inhibiting sunthesis of folic acid |
| Sulfanamides-Side effects | rash, abdominal pain, haundice, headache drowsiness depression photosensitivity |
| Sulfanamides-Adverse effects | neuropathy tinnitus hearing loss and vertigo convulsion |
| Sulfanamides-Monitor /Assess | assess for allergies hydrate client to prevent formations of kidney stones high protein in diet take with food |
| Sulfanamides-Teach | take full course safety precautions if client has vertigo small frequent meals take with food report flank pain increased dusuria |
| Sulfanamides-Medication | sulfamethoxazole -trimethoprim (bactrim) sulfisoxazole (gantrisin) |
| Sulfanamides- used for | treating UTIs and prevent bacterial growth with burns and wounds |
| Anticoagulant warfrin Action | prevent or delay the coagulant of the blood |
| Anticoagulant warfrin Side effects | ecchymosis of the skin , GI problems, hypotension and thrombocytopenia |
| Anticoagulant warfrin Adverse effect | bleeding esp GI purple toe syndrome discoloration caused gy decteased perfusion jaundice burning sensation of feet |
| Anticoagulant warfrin monitor / Asses | monito labs - PT and INR Gi bleeding assess skin for bleeding |
| Anticoagulant warfrin teach | alert client to bleeding problens and how to respond frequent follow up bleed tests do not stop medications use soft toothbrush and electric razor avoid foods high in Vit. K |
| Anticoagulant warfrin medication | warfrin (coumadin) |
| Anticoagulant warfrin used for | treating and prevent thromboembolic disorders in clients that are at risk by preventing the conversion of Vit. K |
| Anti platelet Action | prevent the formation of the natural clotting mechanism in the bosy prevents or dirupts the aggregation of platelets needed to form a clot |
| Anti platelet Side effects | blood dyscrasias hemorrhage GI bleeding bruising hematuria tarry stools |
| Anti platelet adverse effect | tinnitus ototoxicity |
| Anti platelet monitor/assess | monitor bleeding time / VS should stop seven days before surgery |
| Anti platelet teach | carry a medical alert bracelet signs of bleeding |
| Anti platelet medication | asprin (ASA) plavix |
| Anti platelet used for | treating thrombus formation and to clients with a history of MI strokes and cardiac surpery |
| Cardiac Nitrates: Action | increase the oxygenated blood flow to the myocardium by dilating the coronary blood vessels |
| Cardiac Nitrates: Side effects | headache postural hypotension flushing |
| Cardiac Nitrates: adverse effect | blurred vision tachycardia hypotension |
| Cardiac Nitrates: monitor/ asses | use gloves when applying paste remove patch/paste each day at the same time monitor BP and HR |
| Cardiac Nitrates: teach | all forms may cause headache and dizziness if pain persists after 3 NTG tablets at 5 min intervals call doctor change position slowly keep record of medication |
| Cardiac Nitrates: medication | nitroglycerin - can be given SL, topical, transdermal and IV isosorbide Denitrate - Dilatrate - SR isordil |
| Beta Blockers: Action | reduce cardiac workload by slowing heart rate and dacreasing contractility |
| Beta Blockers: Side effects | bradycardia bronchospasm hypotension weight gain dizziness CHF |
| Beta Blockers: adverse effect | hypotension heart block acute CHF blurred vision bronchospasm hyper/hypoglycemia |
| Beta Blockers: monitor/ assess | take apical pulse and BP before administering monitor I&O, daily weights withhold medication if HR is less that 60 bradycardia is very common |
| Beta Blockers: teach | how to chech pulse and BP adrupt withdrawal of medication can lead to severe reaction like sweating headache hypertension and life threatening heart rhythm disturbances change position slowly |
| Beta Blockers: medication | atenolol (tenormin) metoprolol (Lopressor, toprol XL) propranolol (inderal) |
| Beta Blockers: used for | in management of hepertension, angina acute MI |
| Calcium Channel Blockers Action | dilate coronary arteries and preventt coronary artery spasm increases O2 to myocardial and prevents angina slows conduction thru the SA node and AV node to lower heart rate |
| Calcium Channel Blockers Side effects | headache fatigue peripheral edema light headedness |
| Calcium Channel Blockers adverse effect | profound bradycardia CHF hypotension palpitations fluid volume overload |
| Calcium Channel Blockers monitor / assess | evaluate BP and EKG before treatment monitor hepatic and renal lab, headache, blood glucose levels assess for weight gain and edema |
| Calcium Channel Blockers teach | How to take pulse change positions slowly do not crush or chew avoid ETOH reportbruising and bleeding |
| Calcium Channel Blockers medication | Amlodipine (Norvasc) Diltiazem (Cardizem) Verapamil (Calan) |
| Glycosides Action | increasing the contractility and efficiency of myocardial contraction |
| Glycosides Side effects | nausea loss of "usual appetite" headache |
| Glycosides adverse effect | visual disturbances muscle weakness hallucinations dizziness dysrhythmias hypotension anorexia severe vomiting that may cause hypovolemia |
| Glycosides monitor / assess | Monitor Digoxin levels, electrolytes,edema take the apical pulse for 1 full min Hold medication if signs of toxicity |
| Glycosides teach | to check pulse prior to taking meds signs of toxicity weigh self daily do not skip medication |
| Glycosides medication | Digoxin (Lanoxin) |
| Glycosides used for | treatment of CHF and atrial dysrhythmias |
| Glucocorticords Action | Steroid that has metabolic effects on carbohydrates protein and fats has antiinflammatory and immunosuppressive activity |
| Glucocorticords Side effects | few if high doses given for only a few days |
| Glucocorticords adverse effect | muscle wasting weight gain changes in behavior impaired glucose tolerance |
| Glucocorticords monitor / assess | assess VS, lung sounds, weight and edema, depression check skin for bruising and stool for hemocult blood |
| Glucocorticords teach | take with meals avoid ETOH limit Na intake Monitor blood sugar Wear medical alert bracelet |
| Glucocorticords medication | Betamethasone (Celestone) Cortisone (cortone) |
| Glucocorticords used for | acute adrenal insufficiency allergic conditions like asthma dermatitis anemia joint inflammation |
| Insulin Action | restore ability of cells to use glucose as an energy source corrects the state of hyperglycemia |
| Insulin Side effects | hypoglycemia headache confusion drowsiness fatigue shaky |
| Insulin adverse effect | Coma r/t inadequate dosage and insulin overdosage caused by inadequte food intake excessive exercise or excessive insulin administration |
| Insulin monitor | monitor blood glucose levels assess for long term complications hypertension beart diseade/ stroke retinopathy nephropathy neuropathy that leads to ulcerations aputatuion and gastroparesis |
| Insulin teach | aspects of insulin admin and sites signs and sumptoms of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia regular exercise foot care avoid smoking and ETOH how to check blood glucose dietary restrictions and wight control regular exercise foot care avoid smoking |
| Insulin medication Humulin R, Novolin R | short acting onset: 0.5 - 1 hour peak: 2-4 Hours Duration: 5-7 hours |
| Fundamental Principle about insulin Therapy | the right amount of insulin must be available to cells when glucose is available in the blood |
| Insulin Medication Humulin N, Novolin N | NPH onset: 1-2 Hours Peak: 4-12 hours duration: 18-24 hours |
| Insulin used to | treat Type 1 (IDDM) and Type 2 (NIDDM) and diabetic ketoacidosis |
| Antiemetics Action | certain stimuli activate the vomiting center |
| Antiemetics Side effects | hypotension sedation |
| Antiemetics adverse effects | not common |
| Antiemetics monitor / assess | assess VS and signs of hypotension and mood changes Monitor I&O for urinary retention liver and renal functions |
| Antiemetics teach | avoid ETOH and excessive sunlight |
| Antiemetics medication | Promethazine (phenergan) Metoclopramine (Reglan) Ondansetron (Zofran) |
| Antiemetics used for | preventing and treat vomiting |
| Histamine H2 Antagonists Action | Reduces gastric acid secretions by blocking histamine 2 in the gastric parietal cells |
| Histamine H2 Antagonists side effects | diaphoresis rash headache dry mouth |
| Histamine H2 Antagonists adverse effects | rare |
| Histamine H2 Antagonists monitor / assess | encourage no smoking ar ETOH |
| Histamine H2 Antagonists teach | Avoid antacid use within 1 hour of dose and gastric irritants like ETOH, ASA, and NSAIDS |
| Histamine H2 Antagonists medication | Cimetidine (Tagamet) Ranitidine (Zantac) Famotidine (Pepcid) |
| Histamine H2 Antagonists used for | treating duodenal ulcer gastric ulser reflux prevention of stress ulcers |
| Proton Pump Inhibitors Action | Block acid production by inhibiting the H+-K+ therefore blocking the formation of gastric acid |
| Proton Pump Inhibitors side effects | Headache constipation abdominal pain flatulence rash hyperglycemia dry mouth |
| Proton Pump Inhibitors adverse effects | GI hemorrhage CVA shock |
| Proton Pump Inhibitors monitor / assess | monitor liver function test CBC and BUN and creatine |
| Proton Pump Inhibitors teach | report severe diarrhea |
| Proton Pump Inhibitors medication | Omeprazole (Prilosec) Pantoprazole (Protonix) |
| Proton Pump Inhibitors used for | treating GERD and healing and reduction of heartburn symptoms |
| Analgesics Opioids Action | relief of severe acute and chronic pain Binds to opioid receptors troughout the central nervous system |
| Analgesics Opioids side effect | nausea and vomiting anorexia sedation constipation dizziness ligh headedness |
| Analgesics Opioids adverse effect | respiratory depression circulatory depression |
| Analgesics Opioids monitor / assess | Assess pain for type intensity and location pain scale respiratory rate depth and rhythm LOC and allergic reactions administer anti-emetic nausea |
| Analgesics Opioids teach | Avoid ETOH and CNS depressants warn client about ambulation and other activities like driving while taking the medication |
| Analgesics Opioids medication | Codiene (Paveral Oxycodone (Oxycontin) Morphine sulfate (duramorph) |
| Analgesics Opioids used for | most commonly used in postoperative setting and malignancy |
| Nonsteriodal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) Action | Decreases prostaglandins synthesis by inhibiting and enzyme needed for biosynthesis |
| Nonsteriodal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) side effect | Nausea abdominal pain anorexia dizziness drowsiness |
| Nonsteriodal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) adverse effect | Nephrotoxicity dysuria hematuria oliguria |
| Nonsteriodal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) monitor / assess | Assess for renal and hepatic function ear and eye problems blurred vision and tinnitus and therapeutic response like decrease in pain |
| Nonsteriodal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) teach | report blurred vision ringing in eares changes in urine pattern increased weight and edema avoid driving if dizziness occurs |
| Nonsteriodal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) medication | Ibuprofen (Advil) Naproxen (Naprosyn) Ketoprofen (toradol) |
| Nonsteriodal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) used for | treating mild to moderate pain osteoarthritis rheumatoid arthritis |
| anticoagulant Warfrin antidote | Vit. K |
| Anticoagulant Heparin action | plays a role in the intrinsic pathway in the clotting cascade |
| anticoagulant Heparin used with | clients who have DVT, PE, embolisn and atrial fibrillation |
| Anticoagulant Heparin antidote | Protamine sulfate |
| Anticoagulant Heparin side effects | hemorrhage hematuris bleeding gums thrombocytopenia |
| Anticoagulant Heparin medications | Heparin Enoxaprin (Lovenox) |
| Anticoagulant Heparin adverse effects | serious forn of thrombocutopia (white clot syndrome) can be fatal |
| Anticoagulant Heparin Monitor / assess | monitor PTT and INR signs of bleeding |
| Anticoagulant Heparin teach | be alert to signs of bleeding observe for hematuria blood ing stool and bleeding nose |
| insulin Medication Humulin 70/30, Novolin 70/30 | onset 0.5 - 1 hour Peak: 5-10 hours Duration: 14-20 hours |
Created by:
ED.
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