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RT 244 ch 29,30

radio-biology chapters 29,30

QuestionAnswer
What is the goal of radiation therapy? The goal is to kill the cancer cells while causing the least amount of damage to the surrounding healthy tissue.
Human beings are made up of what % of water? 80%
What is the most critical and radiosensitive target molecule of the body? nucleic acid
What is catabolism? reduction of macromolecules to smaller molecules
What macromolecule has the chief function for providing fuel for cell metabolism? carbohydrates
The command or control molecule for cell function that contains all the heredity information representing a cell and the heredity of the whole individual is? DNA
During meiosis the number of chromosomes: is reduced to 23
A cell proliferates and there are 2 divisions. this indicates what? meiosis
A cell proliferates and there are 2 identical daughter cells. this indicates what? mitosis
What are effects that are usually early and from high exposures of radiation? deterministic
What are effects that are usually late and from low exposures of radiation? stochastic
What is a very large molecule that sometimes consists of hundreds of thousands of atoms? macromolecules
What are examples of macrmolecules? lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids
What type of cells does meiosis make? sex cells or germ cells
What type of cells does mitosis make? somatic cells
What macromolecule has the chief function for providing thermal insulation from the environment? lipids
What are the 2 bonding pairs possible in DNA? 1.adenine & thymine 2.cytosine & guanine
What are the main purposes of proteins? 1.provide structure and support 2.function as enzymes, hormones, and antibodies 3.large content in muscles
What dose response guideline would you utilize to develop radiation protection devices? linear/non-threshold
What is endoplasmic reticulum? a channel or a series of channels that allows the nucleus to communicate with the cytoplasm
What are ribosomes? site of protein synthesis and are essential to normal cellular function
What do mitochondria do? digest macromolecules to produce energy for the cell
What is the job of lysosomes? help to control intracellular contaminants by containing enzymes capable of digesting cellular fragments and sometimes the cell itself
Why is the cytoplasm important? site of all cell metabolic functions
What is homeostasis? the concept of relative constancy of the internal environment of the human body
What are the female germ cells? oocytes
What are the male germ cells? spermatozoa cells
What is the Law of Bergonie and Tribondeau? The radiosensitivity of living tissue varies with maturation and metabolism
LET Linear Energy Transfer: measure of the rate at which energy is transferred from a particular type of radiation to soft tissue
RBE Relative Biologic Effectiveness: dose of standard radiation to produce an effect, divided by dose of test radiation to produce the same effect
What is fractionation? radiation dose delivered are the same dose in equal portions at regular intervals
What is protraction? a dose of radiation that is delivered continuously but at a lower dose rate
OER Oxygen Enhancement Ratio: a measure of increased radiosensitivity of tissue in the presence of oxygen
What is photoelectric effect? 1.occurs when body tissue totally absorbs ionizing radiation 2.associated with inner shell (k-shell) interactions 3.responsible for contrast
What is compton's effect? 1.when xrays are partially absorbed knocking out an outer shell electron 2.causes scatter radiation
What is anabolism? a metabolic activity that builds up large molecules from small ones
Created by: Chrslarsen
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