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Physical Science
Final Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A pint of water (on Earth) is approximately | 1 pound |
| Historically, which measurement may have been defined as the distance from the royal nose to the thumb of the royal outstretched arm? | 1 yard |
| In a debate, is the statement "It's only a theory" a valid argument point against a theory (as in "The theory of evolution is wrong because it's only a theory")? | No, theories are strong. |
| Which of the following is not considered a major physical science: | Biology |
| The word science comes from the Latin word meaning | knowledge |
| The most information about our environment comes to us through the sense of | sight |
| Our senses may obtain less-than-accurate information concerning our physical world because they | can be dcieved |
| A quantitative observation that is the basis of scientific investigation is a | measurement |
| A scientific law describes | a fundamental relationship of nature |
| A very tentative explanation of observations of some regularity of nature is a | hypothesis |
| A successfully tested hypothesis may take on the status of a | theory |
| A standard unit is | used for making accurate measurements |
| standard unit of time | second |
| Which of the following is not a fundamental quantity | wieght |
| Which fundamental quantity does the average person measure most often every day | time |
| The mass of a cubic meter of water is | 1 metric ton |
| Is a kilometer longer than a mile? | no |
| is a gram a standard metric unit? | no |
| The standard unit of length, the meter, is now defined with reference to | the speed of light |
| The standard unit of time, the second, is now defined with reference to | the cesium-133 atom |
| Is algebra an area of physics | no |
| Motion involves | a change inposition |
| The magnitude of a displacement is ______________ the magnitude of the distance traveled. | less than or eual to |
| displacement divided by time gives | velocity |
| distance covered per unit times is | speed |
| The straight-line distance and direction between two points | displacement |
| The magnitudes of two horizontal displacements are 2 m and 8 m, respectively. Given that the vectors may be in either the plus or the minus direction, they cannot be added together to give a total displacement of | 5m |
| A speedometer indicates ______________ if the automobile is traveling forward. | instantaneous speed |
| If an object moves with constant velocity, | speed direction and distance are constant |
| If the instantaneous velocity of an object is constant, then so is its | velocity |
| The rate at which an object's velocity changes with time is called its | acceleration |
| The rate at which an object's velocity changes with time is called its | steering wheel |
| An acceleration may result from | a change in speed direction or both |
| acceleration is constant during what | free-fall |
| The acceleration is in the direction opposite the motion is | deceleration |
| The distance traveled by an automobile moving at a constant velocity is | directly proportional to the time. |
| An object that is moving in a linear path with an acceleration in the direction opposite to the motion has a(n) ______________ velocity. | decreasing |
| As a block slides down a 30° frictionless incline, its acceleration | remains constant |
| what is the unit for acceleration | m/s2 |
| The essentials of the first law of motion were initially developed by | Galileo |
| The natural tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion with a constant velocity is called | inertia |
| A mass is accelerated when ______________ acts upon the mass. | an unbalanced force |
| A mass is accelerated when ______________ acts upon the mass. | inertia |
| Two equal and opposite forces of 3.0 N act on an object. The unbalanced force on the object | is 0N |
| An automobile travels due north with a constant speed of 65 km/h. All forces considered, the unbalanced force acting on the auto is | zero |
| A constant net force acting on an object that is free to move will produce a constant | acceleration |
| The SI base units making up the newton are | kg m/s2 |
| When a net force on a moving object increases, the object will | exhibit a change in speed and/or direction |
| Mass and weight on Earth's surface | differ in magnitude by a constant. |
| A spacecraft in space keeps going at the same velocity, even without firing its rockets, in accordance with the _______________ law of motion. | first |
| If a person weighs 186 lb on Earth, that person's weight on the Moon would be | 31 lb. (1/6th) |
| If an object of mass 9 kg has an acceleration of 6 m/s2, what is the unbalanced force acting on it | 54N |
| When you push on a stationary object and it doesn't move, what kind of force is most likely opposing your efforts? | Static friction |
| It is generally easier to push an object once it is moving than when you are getting it started. This is because | sliding friction is less than static friction. |
| On which planet (other than Earth) have air bags been deployed? | Mars |
| An object will ______________ in a fluid if its average density is ______________ the density of the fluid. | float; less than |
| An object will ______________ in a fluid if its average density is ______________ the density of the fluid. | sink; greater than |
| Work is defined as force times | distance |
| A joule/meter (J/m) is a unit of | force |
| Work requires | motion |
| The ______________ distance is used in calculating work | parrallel |
| wirk is a __________ quantity | vector |
| The quantity mv2/2 is known as | kinetic energy |
| The energy of motion is called | kinetic energy |
| An object of mass 2 kg has a speed of 6 m/s and moves a distance of 8 m. What is its kinetic energy in joules? | 36 |
| An object has kinetic energy of 98 J. If its speed is 7 m/s, what is its mass? | 4 |
| A 8-kg object moves vertically a distance of 3 m. Its potential energy has changed by approximately how much? | It has increased by 24 J |
| When an 8-kg object increases its potential energy by 240 J, approximately how has its position changed? | It has risen vertically 3 m. |
| An 1000-kg car traveling at 30 m/s takes 4 m to stop under full braking. The same car under similar road conditions, traveling at 60 m/s, takes ______________ m to stop under full braking. | 16 |
| A student weighing 300 N climbed a flight of stairs 7.0 m high in 6 s. How much work was done by the student? | 2100 J |
| A student weighing 200 N climbs a flight of stairs 7.0 m high in 8 s. What power is required to perform this task? | 25 W |
| The kinetic energy of a pendulum is greatest | at the bottom of its swing. |
| The kinetic energy of a pendulum is least | at the top of its swing. |
| The potential energy of a pendulum is greatest | at the top of its swing. |
| Temperature is a relative measure of | latent heat |
| The Celsius degree is | the same size as the kelvin. |
| Which of the following temperature scales has the smallest unit interval | Fahrenheit |
| In measuring a given temperature, which of the following scales will have the highest reading? | Kelvin |
| One kelvin unit is equivalent to | 9/5 Fahrenheit degrees. |
| The average kinetic energy of the molecules in a gas is a measure of | temperature. |
| A large calorie (Cal) is the amount of heat needed to change the temperature of one ______________ of water by one Celsius degree. | gram |
| The SI unit of heat is the | joule |
| The units of specific heat are | J/kg-C°. |
| The amount of heat necessary to change the temperature of 1 kg of a substance 1°C is | specific heat |
| Heat transfer that involves mass movement is | convection |
| The Sun's rays are transmitted to Earth by means of | radiation |
| The heating of a room by a fire in a fireplace is chiefly due to | radiation |
| The insulation in walls uses which of the following methods to prevent heat transfer? | conduction |
| Heat transfer from hot or cold liquids in a thermos bottle is prevented by | convection, cunduction, and radiation |
| A circular hole is drilled into an aluminum sheet. When the sheet is heated, the diameter of the hole will | become larger |
| Styrofoam or aluminum? Which of the following has the lowest thermal conductivity? | styrofoam |
| How much heat is necessary to change 30 g of ice at –20°C into water at 20°C? | 3.3 kcal |
| How much heat is necessary to change 30 g of water at 10°C into water at 80°C? | 2.1 kcal |
| what characterizes a wave | Wavelenght, amplitude, and period |
| Wave frequency is inversely proportional to | period |
| Wave period is the reciprocal of | frequency |
| Wave velocity is inversely proportional to | period |
| Wave amplitude is related to | energy |
| Wave frequency could be given in | 1/s s-1 Hz. |
| If a wave has a frequency of 1 Hz, it has a period of | 1 s |
| A series of ocean waves, each 24.0 m from crest to crest and moving past an observer at a rate of 6.0 waves per second, has what speed? | 144 m/s |
| If a wave has a frequency of 4 Hz, it has a period of | 144 m/s |
| If a wave has a frequency of 4 Hz, it has a period of | 1/4 s. |
| The major difference between transverse and longitudinal waves is the | direction of the particle displacement with respect to the direction of wave motion. |
| If a piece of ribbon were tied to a stretched string carrying a transverse wave, how would the ribbon be observed to oscillate? | Perpendicular to the wave motion |
| For a transverse mechanical wave, the particle motion is | perpendicular to the direction of the wave velocity |
| For a longitudinal mechanical wave, the particle motion is | parallel to the direction of the wave velocity. |
| A disturbance in particle motion parallel to the wave velocity is called a | longitudinal wave |
| A disturbance in particle motion perpendicular to the wave velocity is called a | transverse wave |
| Which of the following radiations has the longest wavelength | Infrared |
| Which of the following radiations has the smallest wavelength? | X-rays |
| Which of the following radiations has the smallest frequency? | infrared |
| Which of the following radiations has the greatest frequency? | X-rays |
| Which of the following electromagnetic radiations has the greatest frequency? | ultraviolet |
| The law of reflection applies to | specular, diffuse, and irregular deflection |
| The angle of incidence of a light wave is | measured from a normal to the surface. |
| A light wave traveling in air strikes a plane mirror surface at an angle of 40° relative to the normal. The wave is reflected at an angle of | 40° relative to the normal |
| A reflected ray of light leaves a plane mirror's surface at an angle of 30° relative to the normal. The angle of incidence was | 30° relative to the normal. |
| The angles of incidence and reflection | are measured from a normal to the reflecting surface. |
| angles of incidence and reflection | are measured from a normal to the reflecting surface |
| A rainbow results from | both reflection and refraction. |
| A ray of light in water strikes an air–water interface at an angle of incidence greater than the critical angle. The ray | is totally reflected into the water |
| When the Sun is on the horizon, it is actually lower than it appears because of | refraction |
| A pencil partially submerged in a glass of water appears broken or offset because of | refraction |
| 12. The bending of waves around corners is called | diffraction |
| A flashlight beam is seen because of | diffuse reflection |
| The law of reflection applies to | all reflecting surfaces |
| The bending of light because of a speed change as it moves from one medium to another is called | refraction. |
| The ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in a medium is known as the index of | refraction |
| The speed of light in a material is 1.7 × 108 m/s. What is the index of refraction of this material? | 1.76 |
| A particular material has an index of refraction of 1.75. What percent of the speed of light in vacuum is the speed of light in the material? | 58% |
| The speed of light in a particular transparent medium is 6/8 the speed of light in a vacuum. What is the index of refraction of the material? | 1.3 |
| The index of refraction of transparent materials is | greater than 1 |
| Electric charge is measured in units of | coulombs |
| The mathematical form of Coulomb's law is similar to that of | the law of gravitation |
| A system of an electron, a proton, and a neutron has a net charge of | zero |
| A system of an electron and a neutron has a net charge of | –1.6 × 10-19 C |
| A system of a proton and a neutron has a net charge of | +1.6 × 10-19 C |
| A system of a proton and an electron has a net charge of | zero |
| An object that is negatively charged will | attract a glass rod stroked with silk. |
| An object that is positively charged will | attract a rubber rod stroked with fur. |
| An object that is negatively charged will | repel a rubber rod stroked with fur |
| An object that is positively charged will | repel a glass rod stroked with silk |
| The unit for current is the | ampere |
| Ohm's law gives the relationship between | current and voltage |
| In a conductor, what moves? | electrons |
| One ampere × one second is a unit of | electric charge |
| The unit of resistance is called an | ohm |
| For an ohmic conductor, current is | inversely proportional to resistance |
| For an ohmic conductor, current is | directly proportional to voltage |
| The electrical power dissipated by a resistance R is | directly proportional to I2 |
| The electrical power dissipated in an appliance depends on | voltage, current, and resistance |
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