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Terms and Names

Chapter 2 Sections 1-4

Chapter 2Terms and Names
King George III English ruler who hoped to lower the debt aquired wartime.
Sugar Act It halved the duty on foreign-made molasses. It placed duties on certain imports. It provided that any colonists accused of violating would be tried in vice-admirality court.
Stamp Act It imposed a tax on documents and printed items such as wills, newspapers, and playing cards.
Samuel Adams One of the founders of the Sons of Liberty He led a boycott against British goods.
Boston Massacre A confrontation between colonists and British soldiers, where 5 colonists were killed.
Boston Tea Party Colonists dressed as "indians" dumped 18,000 pounds of the East India Company's tea into the waters of the Boston Harbor.
John Locke An English philosopher who embraced the ideas of the Enlightenment.
Common Sense A 50 page pamphlet written by Thomas Paine which attacked King George and the monarchy
Declaration of Independence A formal declaration stating our independence from England
Thomas Jefferson Chosen to prepare the final draft of the Declaration of Independence
Loyalists Those who opposed independence and remained loyal to the British king
Patriots Supporters of independence
Saratoga Where American troops were able to finally surround the British who surrendered on October 17, 1777
Valley Forge Where the Continental Army was extremely low on supplies and had to fight to stay alive due to extreme weather conditions
Inflation When the value of money falls causing prices to rise
Marquis de Lafayette A foreign military leader who arrived during the Revolutionary War to offer help to the colonists
Charles Cornwallis A British general who captured Charles Town, South Carolina in May of 1780
Yorktown Cornwallis led his army of 7500 onto the peninsula between James and York rivers in order to take Virginia
Treaty of Paris In 1783, the delgates signed this document which onfirmed U.S. independence and set the boundaries of the new nation.
Egalitarianism a belief in the equality of all people
Republic A government in which citizens rule through their elected representatives
Articles of Confederation A document set up by the Second Continental Congress as a new plan of government
Northwest Ordinance of 1787 Congress provided a procedure for dividing the land into no fewer than three and no more than five states
Shay's Rebellion a farmer's protest over increased taxes
James Madison proposed the Virginia Plan which called for a bicameral, or two house, legislature
Federalism A system of government in which power is divided between national and several state governments
Checks and Balances A system within our three branches of government where each branch checks the power of the other
ratification formal approval
Federalists Favored a strond central or federal government, thus supporting the early Constitution
Antifederalists opposed the Constitution because it did not provide for a Bill of Rights and were against a strong central government
Bill of Rights The first ten amendments to the Constitution
Judiary Act of 1789 Provided for a Supreme Court, federal circuit and district courts
Alexander Hamilton Secretary of the treasury under George Washington
cabinet The department heads or the President's chief advisors
two-party system a system of politics in which two major parties control most political positions
Democratic-Republicans Those who supported Thomas Jefferson's vision of strong state governments
Protective Tariff an important tax on goods produced abroad
XYZ Affair A bribe made by the French in order to hear American requests
Alien and Sedition Acts laws passed by Congress in 1798 restricting immigration and restricting speech against the government
nullification the act of considering void
Created by: Tillotson
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