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Oncology
Digestive System Tumors
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Most common and important etiologic factors for SCC of esophagus in Western countries | Excessive alcohol and tobacco use (W/L pg. 781) |
| Barrett’s esophagus | Distal esophagus is lined with columnar epithelium instead of stratified squamous epithelium; risk factor for adenocarcinoma of esophagus (W/L pg. 782) |
| Achalasia | Disorder in which lower two thirds of esophagus loses its normal peristaltic activity, esophagus becomes dilated, and esophogastric junction sphincter fails to relax; risk factor for developing SCC of esophagus (W/L pg. 782) |
| Plummer Vinson Syndrome | Iron deficient anemia characterized by esophageal webs, atrophic glossitis, and spoon-shaped, brittle fingers; risk factor for developing SCC of esophagus (W/L pg. 782) |
| Location of SCC in esophagus | Proximal and midesophagus (Mosbys pg. 153) |
| Location of adenocarcinoma in esophagus | Distal esophagus and gastroesophageal junction (Mosbys pg. 153) |
| Local spread pattern of esophageal cancer | Trachea, mediastinum, lung, pleura, aorta, heart (Mosbys pg. 153) |
| Distant spread pattern of esophageal cancer | Liver, lung, bone (Mosbys pg. 153) |
| Lymph node drainage pattern of esophageal cancer | Cervical, supraclavicular, paraesophageal, celiac axis, perigastric nodes (Mosbys pg. 153) |
| Treatment of choice for esophageal cancer | Surgery; esophageal tumors of the upper 1/3 not surgically removed since there’s no proximal end to reconnect (Mosbys pg. 154) |
| Most common histology of stomach cancer | Adenocarcinoma (Mosbys pg. 154) |
| Treatment of choice for gastric cancer | Surgery (Mosbys pg. 154) |
| Gardner’s syndrome | Adenomatous polyposis of large bowel and other abnormal growths (W/L pg. 765) |
| Treatment for colon cancer located above sigmoid | Surgery and multiagent chemotherapy (Mosbys pg. 157) |
| Most common location of pancreatic cancers | Head of pancreas (V/D pg. 122) |
| Treatment of choice for localized pancreatic cancer | Surgery; only 10-25% of patients are candidates for surgery (V/D pg. 124) |
| Treatment port for tumor in head of pancreas | Superior- T11/T12; inferior- L3; lateral- 2 to 3 cm margin around tumor; exclude ¾ of left kidney (V/D pg. 126) |
| Most common histology of anal cancers | Squamous cell carcinoma (Mosbys pg. 158) |
| Associations with anal cancers | AIDS, HPV, homosexuality in men (Mosbys pg. 158) |
| Most common site of metastatic spread for rectal cancer | Liver (Mosbys pg. 135) |
| Hematochezia | Rectal bleeding (W/L pg. 768) |
| Tenesmus | Spasm of rectum accompanied by desire to empty bowel (W/L pg. 769) |
| Two most common treatment procedures for rectal cancer | Low anterior resection and abdominoperineal resection (W/L pg. 771) |
| Sphincter-preserving procedure done for curative intent in patients with low to middle third rectal cancers that are confined to bowel wall | Endocavitary radiation therapy (W/L pg. 771) |
| Direction of extension with colorectal cancer | Radial extension (W/L pg. 770) |
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