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UND 363 CT & Muscle
UND 363 Conn. Tissue and Muscle
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the 4 basic tissue types | Epithelial, connective, muscle, nerve |
| What are the types, function of epithelial tissue and what 2 types are there | Covering, forms glans and parenchema of glands, 2 types (squamous and glandular). Glandular is made of columnar cells |
| What is the function of connective, muscle, and nerve tissue | connective - support (not found on surface of body), Muscle - Movement, Nerve - Control (responds to stimuli and can conduct impluses) |
| What are the 6 functions of Connective tissue and give examples of each | Framework (bone/cartilage), transport (blood), Protection (bone/cartilage/adipose), Support (Tendons/ligaments/capsules), Insulation/storage/cell protection (adipose/bone marrow), Defense (Blood/lymph/dense CT) |
| What are the 2 broad classes of connective tissue | Connective tissue proper and specialized connective tissue |
| Describe Connective tissue proper and the types | All organs and body cavaties, connecting one part with another (loose, dense, reticular, adipose) |
| give three types of specialized connective tisue and examples | Fluid connective (blood for vascular/transport), supportive (bone), Cushioning (cartilage) *supportive and cushioning make up skeletal structure* |
| Name 5 types of Conn. tissue proper (plus one extra) | Areolar (loose CT), dense, elastic, reticular, adipose *& ground substances* |
| give 7 facts about Areolar (loose) Conn. tissue | most common/widespread, attaches skin to underlying tissue, fills in spaces between organs, has many cell types, fibrous component is made of collagen, high % ground substance, fibers in no particular pattern |
| what will be seen on H&E of areolar tissue | pink collagen bands, and elastic fibers (appear thin and dark) |
| give 4 facts about Dense (fibrous) Conn. tissue | ligaments and tendons, called fibrous due to increased fibers and decreased cells, increased % collagen fibers, usually in parallel |
| what are two types of dense (fibrous) conn. tissue | regular dense (ligaments and tendon) or Irregular dense (in skin just under loose conn. tissue) |
| what are ground substances and give 4 facts | IE non cellular components - gel like, also called extracellular matrix, provides support for fibers and cells embedded in it, composed of glycosamine glycans, proteoglycans and glycoproteins |
| Name three types of fibers and what they as a group are for | Collagen, elastic, reticular (provide strength and elasticity) |
| 2 facts about collagen fibers and the 5 stains for | most commonly seen, thickest fibers (but are INelastic) - masson trichrome, gomori 1 step, van geison, verhoeff elastic, movat pentachrome |
| 4 facts for elastic fibers and its 5 stains | composed of elastin and microfibrils, stretch 150% of resting length, found in respiratory and circulatory system, CAN'T be spesifically seen with H&E - verhoeff elastic, aldehyde fuschin, movat pentachrome, gomori, weigert stain |
| facts about reticular fibers and 2 stains | subtype of collagen, delicate support network in organs (spleen liver, Lnode), need special stain, affinity for silver salt (argyrophilic ie absorb silver from soln') - gomori, gordon and sweets (used more commonly) |
| how does collagen show up under the light, polarized and Electron microscope | Light - pink, polarized - birefringent, E/M - shows cross striations |
| name the 7 CT Proper Cells | fibroblasts, mesenchymal, adipose, mast, macrophage, plasma, blood |
| facts about fibroblasts | most common cell in ct proper, seen between bundles of collagen, appear as flattened nuclei, produce collagen, elastic and reticular fibers |
| facts about mesenchymal cells | derived from mesoderm, embryologic precursor of adult conn. tissu (primitive, undifferentiated cells, may develop into other differientated cells), appear similar to fibroblasts |
| facts about adipose (fat) cells | do synthesis, storage and release of fat (stained H&E look like chicken wire) - use oil red O or sudan black to stain, if in paraffin can use osmium tetroxide to stain, can be done with FS |
| facts about mast cells and stains for | contain secretory granules in cytoplasm (contain heparin and histamine), found in blood vessels and inflammatory skin disease - stain metachromatic (toluline blue, azure A, bismarck brown) |
| facts about macrophages | ones found in loose conn. tissue are derived from monocytes in circulating blood (therefore called tissue monocytes), phagocyte cell - are garbage collectors and protect the body |
| facts about plasma cells and 2 stains | derived from type B lymphocytes (create antibodies), seen in inflammed areas or where foreign substances have entered. larger cell (w/ nucleus to one side, cytoplasm next to called hof), 2-3 week lifespan, stain with IHC or methyl green pyronin stain |
| facts about basement membrane (and 1 stain) | AKA basal lamina, Acellular (no cells), support layer for epithelial cells, is between epithelial cell and conn. tissue, functions as support, cellular attachemtn and filter, stains with PAS (magenta) |
| facts about muscle | cells elongated, either striated or smooth (depends on presence of bands), can be voluntary or involuntary contraction |
| What is striated muscle | called due to the light and dark cross bands, types (skeletal - striated voluntary & cardiac - striated INvoluntary) |
| what is smooth muscle | has no bands and is INvoluntary |
| facts about skeletal muscle | striated, dark and light bands (made of thin actin filaments and thick myosin filaments), have nuclei at the edge, voluntary and are paired (flexor and extensor), respond to nerve stimulus |
| what can be used to stain skeletal muscle | PTAH stain (not done much anymore), immunoperoxidase done instead |
| describe cardiac muscle | striated, 1 central nucleus, myogenic (self contracting), connected by intercalated discs (desmosomes) |
| describe smooth muscle | NON striated, makes up walls of hollow organs (blood vessel, bladder, uterus), involuntary, made of short spindle cells with 1 central nucleus, cytoplasm contains actin and myosin but in diff. ratio (and randomly arranged) therefore no cross striations. |
Created by:
mustangvxd
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