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Periodic Table

Prentic Hall Science Explorer Chemical building Blocks, Chapter 3

TermDefinition
atomic mass The average mass of one atom of an element
periodic table A chart of the elements showing the repeating pattern of their properties
nucleus The central core of an atom containing protons and usually neutrons
proton A small, positively charged particle in the nucleus of an atom
neutron A small particle in the nucleus of the atom with no electrical charge
electron A tiny, negatively charged particle that moves around the nucleus of of an atom
atomic mass unit (amu) A unit used to measure the mass of particles in atoms; a proton or neutron has a mass of one amu.
atomic number The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
chemical symbol A one- or two-letter representation of an element.
group Elements in the same vertical column of the periodic table; also called a family
family Elements in the same vertical column of the periodic table; also called groups
period A horizontal row of elements in the periodic table
valence electron One of the electrons farthest away from the nucleus of the atom; these electrons are involved in a chemical reaction.
malleable a term used to describe material that can be hammered or rolled into a shape
ductile A term used to describe a material that can be pulled into a long wire.
conductor A substance that transmits heat or electricity easily.
magnetic A characteristic of those metals that are attracted to magnets and can be made into magnets.
reactivity The ease and speed with which an element or compound combines with other elements and compounds.
corrosion The gradual wearing away of a metal element due to a chemical reaction.
alloy A mixture of two or more metals.
alkali metal An element in Group 1 of the Periodic table.
alkaline earth metal An element in group 2 of the periodic table.
transition metal An element in Group 3 of the periodic table.
lanthanides An element in the first row of the rare earth elements in the periodic table.
actinides An element in the second row of the rare earth elements of the periodic table
nonmetal An element that lacks most of the properties of the properties of a metal.
diatomic molecule A molecule composed of two atoms of the same element
halogen family The elements in groups 17 of the periodic table
noble gases The elements in group 18 of the periodic table.
metalloid An element that has some of the characteristics of a metal and some of a nonmetal. On the zigzag line of the periodic table.
semiconductor An element that can conduct electricity under some conditions.
Created by: moschiemann
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