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CCDM: Anthrax
Control of Communicable Diseases in Man: Anthrax
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What nicknames exist for anthrax? | Woolsorters Disease & Ragpicker Disease |
| What acute bacterial disease usually affect the skin, but may rarely involve the oropharynx, mediastinum or intestinal tract? | Anthrax |
| What are the symptoms for cutaneous anthrax? | Itching of exposed skin first, followed by lesions that become papular, then vesicular and in 2-6 days developes into depressed black eschar. |
| True or false? Pain is usual when concerning anthrax, and is not due to edema or secondary infection. | False. Pain is unusual and if present, is due to secondary infection. |
| What are the most common sites for anthrax infections? | Hands, forearms, and head |
| Anthrax has been confused with what disease? | Human Orf |
| Untreated anthrax can cause the fatality rate of ____ and ____% ? | 5 and 20 |
| Initial symptoms of inhalation anthrax are mild and nonspecific and may include? | Fever, malasia and miod cough or chest pain. |
| Acute symptoms of inhalation anthrax include? | Respiratory distress, X-ray evidence of mediastinal widening. |
| Fever and shock follow inhalation anthrax in ___ to ___ days, with death shortly thereafter. | 3 to 5 days |
| Which type of anthrax is more rare, cutaneous, inhalation, or intestinal? | Intestinal |
| Anthrax cultures leave what color stain? | Polychrome methylene (M'Fadyean)blue |
| What is the causative agent for anthrax? | Bacillus anthracis |
| What are the characteristics of of bacillus anthracis? | Gram-positive, encapsulated, spore forming, nonmotile rod |
| True or false? The anthrax spores of B. anthracis are the infectious agent. | True |
| True or false? Vegetative B. anthracis frequently establishes disease. | False! B. anthracis rarely establishes disease. |
| True or false? Anthrax is primarily a disease of herbivores. | True |
| Anthrax primarily effects poeple in what type cultures and occupations? | "1. People who work with animal hides & hair *like wool* (mainly goats) 2. People who work with bone and bone products. 3. Vegatarians, agriculture, wild life workers who handle infected animals. |
| True or false? Person to person transmission is rare. | True |
| Articles of soil contaminated with anthrax may stay contaminated for how long? | Several years |
| Describe anthrax susceptibility info. | Some evidence of inapparent (no signs or symptoms) infection amoung people in fequent contact with the infectious agent; second attacks can occur, but reports are rare. |
| What some preventive measures for anthrax? | 1. Immunize 2. Educate 3.Control Dust |
| What is the treatment for cutaneous anthrax? | Penicillin for 5-7 days. Tetracyclines, erythromycin and chloramphenicol are also effective |
| What does the US military reccomend for the treatment of inhalation anthrax? | parenteral ciprofloxacin or doxycycline (duration of treatment is not defined) |
| Anyone who receives a threat about the dissemination of anthrax should notify who? | Their local criminal investigative authority (for US call FBI). |
| True or Flase? if someone has been exposed to anthrax they should be quarantined to prevent spreading of the disease. | False! Anthrax is not contagious. |
| what is the incubation period for anthrax? | 1 to 7 days, although incubation periods up to 60 days are possible. in the russian outbreak incubation periods lasted 43 days. |
| Animals that have been treated for anthrax should not be used as food until how long after treatment? | A few months |
| Antibiotherapy sterilizes an anthrax skin lesion in how many hours? | 24 |
| What are acceptable methods of destruction for anthrax spores? | Steam sterilization, autoclaving or burning |
| Postexposure of immunization consist of ___ injections, starting as soon as possible after exposure and at ___ to ___ weeks after exposure. | 3 injections & 2 to 4 weeks after exposure |
| The vaccine has not been evaluated for safety and efficacy in children under the age of ___ or in adults over the age of ___ or older. | under the age of 18 and 60 or older. |
| What is the proper PPE for anthrax? | Splash protection, gloves and full face respirator with high-efficiency particle air (HEPA) filter (level C) or self contained breathing apparatus (SCBA)(Level B) |
| After, and only after soap and water decontamination what bleach to water ratio should be used to treat gross contamination and how long is the rinsing time afterwards? | 1:10 and 10 to 15 minutes |
| All clothing and personal affects should be placed in a plastic bag and labeled how? | With the owner's name, contact telephone number and inventory of contents. |
Created by:
RabbittDK10
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