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Neuroanatomy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Central NS | Brain and Spinal Cord |
| Peripheral NS | 12 cranial nerves. 31 spinal nerves. Afferent division. Efferent division. |
| Afferent | Sensory |
| Efferent | Motor |
| Somatic | Pertaining to the body. Sensory information communicated through spinal cord. |
| Visceral | Surrounding |
| Ganglia | Neuron |
| Dendrite | Carries impulses from synapse to cell. |
| Axon | Carries electrical signals away from the cell. Cyatic nerve has largest axon. Axons are shorter in the upper body. Very sensitive to acidosis. |
| Astrocytes | #1 tumor because of cell structure. Form blood brain barrier. |
| Microglia | Pac Man of brain. Sensitive to acid/base imbalance. In imbalance start eating good cells. Need to keep controlled. |
| Oligodenrocyes/Oligodendroglia | Support of cell. Mylen sheath. Message sending ability. Don't like exposure to viral infection, will permanently alter oligis. Viral menengitis, |
| MS | rejects new mylen sheath. |
| Ependyma | Line the ventricles (tanks that hold CSF) Allow for movement, progression in brain. Single layer cells of cells also on spinal cord. |
| Neurotransmitters | Acetylcholine, Dopamine, Norepinephrine, Seratonin, GABA, Aspartate, Glutamic, Glycine |
| Acetylcholine | Main neurotransmitter, making motor/movement. Defecit - Alzheimers, parkinsons, speech blockage. |
| Dopamine | Think psych. turn off of message sending. Increased dop. - ticks. |
| Norepi | Neurotransmitter of most of sypathetic NS, released from adreanal medula. Increased - anxious. |
| Seratonin | Increased - sedation. Decreased - depression. |
| GABA | Acid. Natural valium. Increased - coma. Decreased - Anxiety. Very fickle - likes acid/base balance. Hung up on K+ |
| Aspartate | Acid. Excitatory. Changes memory. |
| Glutamic | Excitatory. H2O 'hog'. Too much makes brain swell. |
| Glycine | Excitatory in brain, Inhibatory everywhere else. |
| Neuro Peptides | Somatostatin, Endorphins, Substance P, Histamine |
| Somatostatin | Protects growth hormone. Possible cause of Alzheimers when it runs out. Needs to cross blood brain barrier. |
| Endorphins | Analgesia effect. High endorphin response causes seizures, too much stress. |
| Substance P | Excitable. Tendency to aggrivate microglia - panic. Controlled with acid/base balance. Prevent cascade if gotten under control. |
| Histamine | Alertness. regulated by fluid onboard. (antihistamine with cold med. - get sleepy). Body makes as you need it. Goes out of control in trauma. |
| Hormones | ACTH, ADH, Leptin, Ghrelin, PYY |
| ACTH | Hypothalamus - production of adreanal or corticosteroid/glucocorticoid - too much sugar - acid. Anterior pituitary. |
| ADH | Absorption. Fluid excretion. Released from anterior pit, sythesized in hypothalamus. |
| Leptin | Appetite stimulant (in chocolate). Causes decrease in dopamine. (Parkinson's pts don't eat chocolate). |
| Ghrelin | Increase hunger, decrease fat utilization. From kidney, placenta, hypothalamus. Stomach stimulates, by pass pts. loss this part of the stomach. |
| PYY | Tells stomach that it is full. Hypothalamus. |
Created by:
rn2005
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