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describe teh coordination efforts of the musculoskeletal and nervous system
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refer to the positioning of the joints, tendons, ligaments, and muscles while standing, sitting, and lying
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AH- CH 47
Adult Health I
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| describe teh coordination efforts of the musculoskeletal and nervous system | body mechanics |
| refer to the positioning of the joints, tendons, ligaments, and muscles while standing, sitting, and lying | body alignment or posture |
| means that the individual's center of gravity is stable | body alignment |
| is a force that occurs in a direction to oppose movement | friction |
| is a supporting framework | skeletal system |
| the force exerted parallel to skin resulting from both gravity pushing down on body adn resistance between patient and surface | shearing |
| the underlying tissue and capillaries are stretched and angulated by the force causing necrosis within the tissue | shearing |
| types of bones: | flat, irregular, short, long |
| bones that contribute to height and length | long bones |
| bones that occur in clusters and wen combined with ligaments and cartilage permit movement of extremities | short bones |
| femur, fiblua, tibia | long bones |
| carpal bones of foot and in knee | short bones |
| bones in skull, and ribs | flat bones |
| make up vertebral column, some skull, and mandible | irregular bones |
| fractures caused by weakened bone tissue | pathological fractures |
| connections between bones | joints |
| connect bones to cartilage | ligaments |
| are white, siny, felxible bands of fibrous tissue binding joints together and connecting bones and cartilages (bone) | ligaments |
| connect muscle to bone | tendons |
| are white, glistening, fibrous bands of tissue that connect muscle to bone | tendons |
| is nonvascular, supporting connective tissue located in joints and thorax, trachea, larynx, nose, and ear | cartilage |
| regulates movement and posture | nervous system |
| major voluntary motor area and is in teh cerebral cortex | precentral gyrus---motor strip |
| chemicals that transfer electric impulses from teh nerve across the neuromuscular junction to the muscle | neurotransmitter |
| refers to inability to do so | immobility |
| is an intervention that restricts client to bed | bed rest |
| osteogenesis imperfecta | inherited disorder that affects bones |
| scoliosis | structual curvature of the spine associated with vertebral rotation |
| density or mass of bone is < | osteoporosis |
| is an uncommon metabolic disease characterized by inadequate and delayed mineralization | osteomalacia |
| inflammatory or destruction of he synovial membrane and articular cartilage, and by systemic signs of inflammation | inflammatory joint disease (ex: arthritis) |
| can occur with or without inflammation and is marked by changes in articular cartilage combo=ined with overgrowth of bone at the articular ends | joint degeneration |
| often results in bruises, contusions, sprains, and fractures | musculoskeletal trauma |
| is one of the motivational tools to nencourage and promote exercise and physical fitness | social support |
| componets of mobility | range of motion, gait, and exercise |
| fainting | syncope |
| what are some devices for walking? | walkers, canes, crutches, crutch gait |
| collapse of alveoli | atelestasis |
| inflammation of the lung from stasis or pooling of secretions | hypostatic pneumonia |
| what are the 3 major cardiovascular changes due to immobility? | orthostatic hypotension, > cardiac workload, and thrombus formation |
| > in heart rate of more then 15% and a drop of 15 mm or more in systolic blood pressure, or a drop of 10mm Hg or more in diastolic blood pressure when a client changes from supine to standing position | orthostatic hypotension |
| is an accumulation of platelets, fibrin, clotting factors, and the cellular elements of the blood attached to the interior wall of a vein or artery | thrombus |
| is an abnormal and possibly permanent condition characterized by fixation of the joint | joint contracture |
| the foot is permanently fixed in plantar flexion | footdrop |
| is an impairment of the skin as a result of prolonged ischemia in tissues | pressure ulcer |
| isometric exercise is a change in | muscle tension---NOT length |
| isotonic exercise is a change in | muscle contraction---AND change in LENGTH |
| examples of isotonic exercies | swimming, walking, jogging, biking, dancing, etc |
| shortens the muscle to produce a contraction and active movement | isotonic exercise |
| easy exercise for immobilzed patients in bed | isometric exercise |
| sagittal plane divids ___ | left from right |
| frontal plane divids ____ | front from back |
| transverse plane divids ___ | upper and lower portions |
| what are some sagittal movements? | flexion, extension, dorsiflexion, plantar flextion |
| what are some frontal movements? | abduction, adduction, eversion, inversion |
| what are some transverse movements? | pronation, supination, internal and external rotation |
| dislodged venous thrombus | embolus |
Created by:
TayBay15
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