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Ch1 Eval Ortho. Inju
Ch 1 The injury evaluation process
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Def. Of Anatomy | Structure Of Human Body |
| Function of Knowing the Anatomy | Helps with understanding the Physiology and Biomechanics of human body |
| In Evaluation we must understand what? | Structure and function of Individual Body parts. |
| Def. Of Biomechanics | Relationship between individual body parts and movement. |
| Def. of Pathomechanics | Abnormal movements that are produced by individual body parts when an injury occurs. |
| Def. Of Pathology | Abnormal physiology that occurs due to illness. |
| Five reasons Athletic trainer may conduct Multiple evaluations. | 1.On site at time of injury. 2.On site evaluation just following injury 3.Offsite eval. involving injury assesment and rehab. 4.Follow up eval. during rehab. 5.Pre-participation Physical. |
| What is key when doing the History? | Communication with the injured athlete |
| Better communication with injured athlete ='s what? | Better quality of information gained from patients responses to your questions. |
| Open-ended questions Do what? | Allow the patient to describe the nature of the complaint in detail. Don't want Yes-No answers! |
| What are seven points of Injury assessment? | 1. history 2. inspection 3. palpation 4. Range of motion testing 5. ligamentous testing 6. special tests 7. neurological testing |
| What is the first step to injury assessment? | History |
| What is the second step to injury assessment? | Inspection |
| When inspecting what do we need to compare? | Involved vs. the uninvolved side |
| Inspection starts when? | As soon as the patient walks into the facility |
| What three things can you inspect without talking to the patient? | Gait pattern posture Functional movement |
| Visually inspect the are for what? | gross deformity or other obvious injury |
| Inspection should include looking for what 6 things.... | Swelling gross deformity skin color and texture infection muscle tone bilateral symmetry |
| What is the third part of the assessment process? | Palpation |
| We should identify what seven things during palpation? | Areas of: Point Tenderness Crepitus Swelling Trigger Points Tissue Density Increased Tissue Temp. Malalignment of joint or bone |
| Palpation is a process of what? | Touching and Feeling |
| When we are palpating we are trying to detect ________ _________ that cant be _________ __________. | tissue damage:observed visually |
| When palpating we must always compare what? | bilaterally |
| We should always palpate in a specific what? | sequence |
| When palpating we should begin with the structures ___________________________? ( long answer) | Away from the site of pain and progressively move toward the damaged tissue. |
| List the order of the structures that should happen during palpation? | 1.Bones and ligaments 2.Muscles and Tendons 3.Pulses |
| What is the fourth part of the evaluation process? | Range of motion Testing |
| Def. of Range of Motion | Ability to move the limb through the correct or applicable planes of movement associated with that joint. |
| What are the three types of ROM | 1. Active 2. Passive 3. Resistive |
| ROM Testing should always include all motions for involved joint but also possibly what? | All joints Proximally and distally to involved joint. |
| What is an important tool when assessing ROM. | Goniometer |
| What are the four parts to the Goniometer? | 1. Protractor 2. Movement Arm 3. Fulcrum 4. Stationary Arm |
| What needs to be taken into account when selecting a Goniometer? | Appropriate size and shape for joint being tested. |
| What type of ROM should be eval. first? | Active Range of Motion |
| What are the contraindications of evaluating Active Range of Motion first? | Immature fracture sites or recently repaired soft tissues. |
| Def. of Active Range of Motion? | Patient actively contracts muscles while going through a particular movement. |
| What four things are we evaluating during AROM? | Quality of : 1. Motion 2. Total Range 3. Location of pain $. Painful Arcs |
| During AROM what four things can limit ROM? | 1. Swelling 2. capsular tightness 3. agonist muscle weakness 4. |
| Def. of Passive Range of motion? | Range of motion testing when clinician takes affected body part through different planes and the muscle and patient is relaxed. |
| Why is PROM assessed? | To assess the quantity of available movement and the end feel of tissues as they reach limit of available ROM. |
| Deficiencies in PROM may be the result of what five things? | 1. spasm 2. contracture 3. weakness 4. muscle pain 5. neurological deficits |
| What feeling also may be illicited when doing PROM? | Crepitus |
| What would you call normal end feels and what are the types? | Physiological //// 1. soft 2. firm 3. hard |
| What would you call abnormal end feels and what are the types? | Pathological //// 1. soft 2. firm 3. hard 4. empty |
| Def. of Resisted Range of Motion? | Used to asses the strength of muscle groups when resistance is applied. |
| When doing Break testing you should look for what? | compensatory motion (compensation) |
| What are the two commonly used techniques to asses RROM strength | Break Test and Manual Muscle Tests |
| Break tests asses motion based on what four levels? | 1. strong 2. weak 3. painful 4. painless |
| Manual muscle testing assesses what? | Strength and integrity of specific muscles |
| When doing Manual muscle testing you should always do compare _________ and Grade ________. | Bilaterally:numerically |
| What does the grading scale of manual muscle testing consist of? | 0-5 //// Normal 5/5; Good 4/5; Fair 3/5; Poor 2/5; Trace 1/5; Gone 0/5 |
| What two things should be taken note of while doing RROM? | Compensation movements and muscular substitution. |
| What muscle groups usually attempt to overcome weaknesses of the muscle being tested? | The proximal group. |
| what is the 5th step to the assessment process? | Ligamentous testing |
| What are we trying to achieve with ligamentous testing? | evaluate the structural integrity of the nocontractile structures surrounding the involved joint. |
| Def. of Laxity? | clinical sign that describes the amount of give within the joints supportive tissue. |
| Def. of Instability? | symptom of a joints inability to function under the stresses during functional activity. |
| What are the three grades for Ligamentous laxity? | Grade 1 Firm; Grade 2 Soft; Grade 3 Empty |
| What is the 6th step in the assessment process? | Special Tests |
| What are special tests? | Specific procedures applied to a joint to determine the presence of pathomechanics. |
| What is the 7th step in the assessment process? | Neurologic testing |
| What are the three types of Neurologic Testing? | 1. Sensory 2. Motor 3. Reflex |
| When doing deep tendon reflex grading what are the specific grades? | 0 No flex elicited//// 1 Hyporeflexoria///// 2 Normal response//// 3 Hyperflexoria |
| What is functional testing? | Usually activity specific testing that assesses the patients function and progress. |
| What type of stuff should be included when doing functional testing? | Should reflect types of stress that a patient will experience during normal activities. |
| Functional testing can be used as a what for return to play criteria? | Can be used to establish a basline of function with continued follow-up. |
| On field evaluations or divided into what two categories? | Ambulatory and Athlete-Down |
| What is an ambulatory evaluation? What can affect this type of eval? | One in which the clinician is sought out whether it is on the field of play similar to the clinic setting. Time may be decreased if during competition. |
| What is the basis behind an athlete-down evaluation? | Athletic trainer responds to the athlete and the situation and must triage injuries and rule out any life threatening situations. |
| The on-field eval must rule out what seven things? | 1. inhibition of heart of breathing//// 2. life threatening trauma to head or spine//// 3. profuse bleeding///// 4. fractures//// 5. joint dislocation//// 6. peripheral nerve injury//// 7. other soft tissue trauma |
| After triage for on-field eval what must be determined immediately? | Disposition |
| What three things does Disposition encompass having to do with on-field evaluation? | 1. On-field management of the injury///// 2. Safest way to remove athlete from the field//// 3. Referral urgency |
| What are the roles of the two person on-field eval team? | Responder 1: stabilize spine, calms and communicates with athlete and controls the scene/////// Responder 2: performs necessary evaluation. |
| What needs to be established prior to actual emergency situation? | Clear communication and evaluation protocol must be established. |
| What should the coaching staff have on a regular basis? | CPR/AED Training |
| What is one thing to consider before acting in an emergency situation? | Rules of the sport regarding injury eval. |
Created by:
shsuman152
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