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Eng linguistics
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Adjacency pairs | Two phrases that often follow each other. I.e. 'How are you?' and 'Fine' |
| Anaphora | Repetition of words at beginning of sentence. 'We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills. We shall never surrender.' |
| Anastrophe | Inversion of the usual word order. For example, the usual English order of subject-verb-order might be changed to object-subject-verb |
| Antithesis | Two opposites are introduced in the same sentence |
| Back formation | the process of creating a new word by removing affixes. E.g. 'babysit' was derived from 'baby sitter' |
| Back-channelling | Minor interjections, such as 'uh huh' and 'oh really', used to show active listening. |
| Collaborative | Different utterances are working together in some way |
| Collocation | Words that commonly occur together. E.g. 'crystal clear' |
| Declarative | Sentence that presents something as fact |
| Definite article | The' - particular and identifiable |
| Elliptical sentence | A sentence that misses out some information. E.g. for 'Where was the cat?', the answer should be 'The cat sat on the mat' vs. the elliptical answer, 'On the mat' |
| Epanalepsis | Beginning of sentence is repeated at end of sentence. 'You loved me, John Proctor, and whatever sin it is, you love me yet!' |
| Epistrophe | Repetition of words at end of sentence. |
| Exclamative | Sentence expressing shock, happiness, fear, etc. through use of an exclamation mark |
| Fricatives | Consonants produced by forcing air through a narrow channel ('f' sounds) |
| Hedging | Words used to soften the impact of a sentence – for example, ‘sort of’ or ‘somewhat’ |
| Idiolect | An individual's use of language |
| Idiomatic | Pertaining to or conforming to the mode of expression characteristic of a language |
| Illocution | Intended meaning of an utterance. See: locution, perlocution |
| Imperative | An order |
| Indefinite article | 'A' - not particular |
| Inference | How the listener interprets an utterance |
| Interlocutor | Person talking |
| Interrogative | A question |
| Lexicon | The vocabulary of a particular social class, person, field, language, etc. |
| Locution | Literal meaning of an utterance. See: illocution, perlocution |
| Paralinguistic | More than just the words - intonation, body language, pauses, etc. |
| Performative | Actually achieving the purpose of the words. E.g. 'I swear', 'I permiss' |
| Perlocution | Perceived meaning of an utterance. See: locution, illocution |
| Phoniatrics | The study of speech and speech habits |
| Plosives | Consonant made by blocking part of mouth so no air passes through ('p' sounds) |
| Pragmatics | The meaning or intention of the words |
| Presupposition | Assumptions made by a speaker when making an utterance |
| Register | When context results in a commonly recognisable style to be produced, the resulting style is called a register (e.g. an informal register, a medical register, a scientific register) |
| Schema | A set of expectations for behaviour created by the situation |
| Tag questions | Questions added on to the end of a sentence seeking the other’s affirmation. For example, ‘it’s a nice day, isn’t it?’ |
| TRIPE | Transactional, Referential, Interactional, Phatic, Expressive |
Created by:
Georgia11
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