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Dehydration
Stack #155942
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| List some common risk factors for dehydration | vomiting,diarrhea,burns,large draining wounds, extremes of age, motor limitations, unconciousness, surgery, diuretics, npo status, hypertonic enemas, or ng suctioning |
| 1 lb corresponds to a change of ______ml | 500 |
| A change in which system are the most reliable indicators of plasma volume | cardiovascular |
| What changes might be seen with dehydration | increased HR, thready pulse, decreased BP, orthostatic hypotension, flat neck and hand veins and decreased peripheral pulses |
| When dehydration is accompanied by acidosis what respiratory pattern might be present | Kussmaul's respirations |
| Is GI motility increased or decreased in dehydration | decreased |
| What renal changes might be seen in dehydration | decreased urine output, increased specific gravity |
| What changes might occur to the integumentary system with dehydration | dry scaly skin, poor turgor, tongue fissured with paste like coating |
| What changes occur neuromuscularly with dehydration | lethargy progressing to coma,may run low grade fever |
| Water and electrolytes are lost in equal proportions in this type of dehydration | isotonic dehydration/hypovolemia |
| What are some compensatory actions for isotonic dehydration/hypovolemic | increased heart rate, increased cardiac contractility, peripheral vasocontriction, arterial constriction, increased cardiac output, increased mean arterial pressure |
| What are some actions that the body takes when hypovolemia occurs | ADH, aldosterone, and renin are secreted to increase renal reabsorption of sodium and water which increase effective circulating volume |
| This type of dehydration occurs when water loss exceeds electrolyte loss | Hypertonic dehydration |
| In this type of dehydration fluid shifts from ICF to ECF can cause plasma volume to reach or exceed normal | Hypertonic dehydration |
| What mechanisms does the body use to compensate for the decreased fluid volume/increased serum osmolality caused by hypertonic dehydration | fluid shift(ICF to ECF), increased ADH, activation of thirst reflex, increased reabsorption of water, increased oral intake, decreased urine output |
| What are some causes of hypertonic dehydration | hyperventilation,renal failure, excessive fluid replacement(hypertonic),tube feedings, excessive sodium bicarbonate administration, etc |
| Symptoms of hypertonic dehydration would include: | hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, increased thirst, pitting edema |
| In this type of dehydration electrolyte loss exceeds water loss | hypotonic dehydration |
| List several possible causes of hypotonic dehydration | chronic illness, excessive fluid replacement(hypotonic), renal failure, severe malnutrition |
| What is the main manifestation of hypotonic dehydration | skeletal muscle weakness |
| These IV fluids would be common to treat isotonic dehydration | 0.9 NS, D5W, D51/4 NS, Lactated Ringers |
| 0.45 NS would be used to treat this type of dehydration | Hypertonic |
| D10W,0.9 NS, .45 NS, and D5 Lactated Ringers could all be used to treat which type of dehydration | Hypotonic dehydration |
| Fluid intake or retention that exceeds body's needs is: | Fluid overload |
| This type of overhydration results in excessive fluid in ECF, no fluid shift occurs | Hypervolemia/isotonic overhydration |
| Hypervolemia has what major effects on the body | Circulatory overload and interstitial edema |
| poorly controlled IV fluids, renal failure, and long term coricosteroid therapy are causes of this type of overhydration | Hypervolemia/ Isotonic |
| How does the body compensate for hypervolemia | Fluid shifts to intersitium, decreased ADH, increased ANF, increased renal excretion of sodium and water |
| This type of overhydration is characterized by a decrease in ECF osmolality, increase in hydrostatic pressure, fluid shift ECF to ICF, and all body compartments expand | Hypotonic overhydration(water intoxification) |
| Causes of hypotonic overhydration can include: | early renal failure, CHF, poorly controlled IV therapy,irrigation of wounds and cavities w/ hypotonic solution, SIADH |
| Overhydration characterized by: hyperosmolality of ECF, draws fluid from ICF | Hypertonic |
| Excessive sodium intake, rapid infusion of hypertonic saline, and excessive sodium bicarbonate therapy are all causes for this type of overhydration | Hypertonic |
Created by:
kitsmommy
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