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Nur-458
Normal Pressures
Term | Definition |
---|---|
What is PAP? | Pulmonary artery pressure |
What is normal PAP? | 15-30 mm Hg/4-12 mm Hg Systolic/Diastolic |
What is PAWP? | Pulmonary artery wedge pressure |
What is normal PAWP? | 6-12 mm Hg |
What is CVP? | Central venous pressure |
What is normal CVP? | 2-8 mm Hg |
What is CO? | Cardiac output |
What is normal CO? | 4-8 L/min |
What is CI? | Cardiac index |
What is normal CI? | 2.2-4 L/min/m2 |
What is SV? | Stroke volume |
What is normal SV? | 60-150 mL/beat |
What is MAP? | Mean arterial pressure |
What is normal MAP? | 70-105 mm Hg |
What does PAP measure? | Pressure generated by the right ventricle ejecting blood into the pulmonary circulation |
What does PAWP measure? | Left ventricular end diastolic pressure; left ventricular preload |
What does CVP measure? | Right atrium or vena cava end diastolic pressure; right ventricular preload |
What does cardiac output measure? | CO = SV X HR |
What does cardiac index measure? | CO/BSA |
What does stroke volume measure? | The amount of blood ejected in one full pump of the heart |
What three parameters comprise stroke volume? | Preload, afterload and contractility |
What is afterload? | Amount of pressure the ventricle must work against during systole to open the valve |
What increases afterload? | Vasoconstriction, valvular stenosis, and increased blood volume |
What decreases afterload? | Vasodilation |
How do positive inotropes affect contractility? | They increase contractility |
How do negative inotropes affect contractility? | They decrease contractility |
What type of inotropes are digoxin, dobutamine, epinephrine and dopamine? | Positive inotropes |
What type of inotropes are beta-blockers, amiodarone, verapamil and diltiazem? | Negative inotropes |