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PT EVAL 2

PT EVAL Review 2

QuestionAnswer
Peripheral Edema Assesment by Inspection Define Prsence of Excessive Fluid in the tissue Known as Pitting Edema Occurs Primarily in Arms and Ankles
Peripheral Edema Pathology Define Caused by Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) and Renal Failure
Ascities Assesment by Inspection Define Accumulation of Fluid in the Abdomen
Ascities Pathology Define Generally Caused by liver Failure
Clubbing Assesment by Inspection Define The condition is present when angle of the nail bed and skin increases
Clubbing Pathology Define Caused by Chronic Hypoxemia. Presence of this is suggestive of Pulmonary disease
Venous Distention by Inspection Define increased venous distention
Venous Distention Pathology Define Occurs with Congestive Heart Failure Seen with PT with Obstructive Lung Disease. Seen during exhalation because of the obstructive component
Capillary Refill by Inspection Define Indication of peripheral circulation
Capillary Refill Pathology Define Blanching the hand and watch the blood return Commonly done for the Modified Allen's Test before drawing arterial blood gases.
Diaphoresis by Inspection Define A state of Profuse/heavy sweating
Diaphoresis Pathology Define Heart failure, Fever, Infection Anxiety, Nervousness Tuberclosis (night sweats)
Ashen/pallor Skin color Define Abnormal Decrease in Color
Ashen/Pallor Skin Color Indicate Due to anemia or acute Blood loss
Erythema Skin Color Define redness of skin
Erythema Skin Color Indicates May be due to capillary congestion, Inflammation or Infection
Cyanosis Skin Color Define Blue or Blue-Gray (Dusky) Discoloration of Skin and Mucous Membranes.
Cyanosis Skin Color Indicates Caused by hypoxia from increased amount of reduced hemoglobin (5g of reduced hemoglobin)
Jaundice Skin Color Define Increase in Bilirubin in Blood and Tissue
Jaundice Skin Color Indicates This appears mostly in face and trunk
Kyphosis Chest Configuration Define Convex Curvature of the Spine (lean Forward)
Scoliosis Chest Configuration Define Lateral Curvature of the spine (Lean side to side)
Barrel Chest Configuration Define A result of air trapping in the lungs for a long period of time Generally due to chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Increase A-P Diameter
Describe Symmetrical Chest Movement Occurs when both sides of the chest moves at the same time
List five underlying Pathologies that can contribute to a PT displaying Asymmetrical (unequal)movement Chronic Lung Disease, Atelectasis Pneumothorax, Flail Chest- Paradoxical Intubated patient with endotracheal tube in one lung
Eupnea Breathing Patterns and Conditions Associated with it Normal Respiratory Rate , Depth and Rhythm Normal Respiratory rate for an adult is 12-20 breaths/min
Tachypnea Breathing Patterns and Conditions Associated with it Increased Respiratory Rate (over 20 breaths per minute) Causes: Hypoxia, Fever, Pain, CNS problem
Apnea Breathing Patterns and Conditions Associated with it Cessation of breathing
Patterns and Conditions Associated with it
What are the normal muscles of ventilation? Diaphragm External intercostal Exhalation is normall Passive
What are the accessory muscles are used to increase ventilation? Internal Intercostal,sternocleidomastoid (elevated sternum)scalene muscles, Pectoralis Major,Abdominal Muscles (Oblique,rectus abdominus,) Hypertrophy (increase in Muscle size)
What causes Hypertrophy of the accessory muscles? (increase in Muscle size) of accessory muscles occurs with COPD
Wasting away of muscles is also referred to as Atrophy is loss of muscle tone and occurs in Paralysis
List the signs of respiratory distress in infants Flaring of the nostrils during inspiration
PT presents to the out PT clinic with a fever and cough producing a small amount of sputum. The Respiratory therapist should evaluate the PT for presence of An Infection
Describe the following Terms Reasonant normal air filled lung. This gives a HOLLOW sound
Describe the following Terms Flat heard over the sterum, muscle or areas of atelectasis
Describe the following Terms Dull heard over fluid-filled organs such as the heart or liver. Pleural effusion or pneumonia
Describe the following Terms Tympanic is a loud, drum-like sound, heard over the lungs indicates increased in volume. heard over air-filled stomach.
Describe the following Terms Hyperresonant found in areas of the lung where PNEUMOTHRAX or EMPHYSEMA is PRESENT
Whit is the difference between veslcular and adventitious breath sounds? VESLCULAR breath sounds = Nomal Breath Sounds Adventitious breath sounds = Abnomal Breath Sounds
What is egophony and what would it indicate The patient is instructed to say "E" and it soungs like "A". Indicate Consolidation of the lung tissue as with a pneumonia-like condition
Give a brief description of each of the following breath sounds and the recommended treatment
Give a brief description of each of the following breath sounds COARSE RALES (Ronchi) Large Airway Secrections
Give a description of each of the following breath sounds recommended treatment COARSE RALES Patient needs suctioning
Give a brief description of each of the following breath sounds MEDIUM RALES MEDIUM Airway Secrections
Give a description of each of the following breath sounds recommended treatment MEDIUM RALES PT needs chest physical therapy
Give a brief description of each of the following breath sounds Wheeze Due to Brochospasm,
Give a description of each of the following breath sounds recommended treatment Wheeze PT needs a brochodilator Unilateral wheeze indicative of a forign body obstruction
Give a brief description of each of the following breath sounds STRIDOR Due to upper airway odstruction Supraglottic Swelling (Epiglottitis) Subglottic Swelling (Croup, Post Extubation) Foreign Body Aspiration (Solids or Fluids)
Give a description of each of the following breath sounds recommended treatment STRIDOR Topical Decongestant(racmic epinephrine) for swelling/edema-Suctioning and/or Bronchoscopy for secretions and foreign body aspiration Intubation for Severe swelling and epiglottitis
Give a brief description of each of the following breath sounds PLEURAL FRICTION RUB A coarse grating or crunching sound, Caused by inflamed surface of the visceral and parietal pleura rubbing together, May be assi
Give a description of each of the following breath sounds recommended treatment P
Describe the Following Heart Sounds and when they would occur in the Cardiac Cycle First Sound (S1) is created by the normal closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves at the begining of ventricular contraction
Describe what the following abnormal heart sounds may indicate? Second Sound (S2) is normal ond occurs when systole ends. The ventricles relax and the pulmonic and aortic valves close
Describe what the following abnormal heart sounds may indicate? (S3) is abnormal and may suggest congestive heart failure.
Describe what the following abnormal heart sounds may indicate? Fourth Sound (S4) is a indicative of a cardiac abnormality such as myocardial infraction or cardiomegaly
Describe what the following abnormal heart sounds may indicate? Murmur are sound caused by turbulent blood flow. May be caused by heart valve defects or congential heart abnormalities and should be investigated
Describe what the following abnormal heart sounds may indicate? Bruits are the sounds made in
What effect would Cardiac Stress have on Blood Pressure? Hypoxemia
What effect Hypoperfusion have on blood pressure? decreased blood flow through an organ, as in hypovolemic shock; if prolonged, it may result in permanent cellular dysfunction and death
Give a brief description of each of the following breath sounds FINE RALES (moist crepitant rales) alveoli, Fluid PT has CHF/Pulmonary edema
Give a description of each of the following breath sounds recommended treatment FINE RALES PT needs IPPB, Heart drugs, Diuretics and Oxygen
Created by: Cam1228
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