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History Final Exam
History final exam flashcards
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Judiciary Act | set up a federal court system;law that created the structure of the supreme court and set up a system of district of courts and circuit courts for the nation |
| Neutrality Proclamation | statement by President Washington that the United States would not support or aid either France or Britain in their European conflict |
| Faction | opposing groups within parties |
| Democratic Republicans | Supporter of Thomas Jefferson |
| Federalists | Supporter of the constitution who favored a strong federal government |
| Frigate | fast sailing ship with many guns |
| Alien and Sedition Acts | federalist supported laws that permitted the president to expel foreigners, made it harder for immigrants to become citizens, and allowed for citizens to be fined or jailed if they criticized the government officials |
| Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions | Declarations passed that claimed that each state has the right to decide weather a federal law is constitutional |
| Suffrage | the right to vote |
| Whigs | members of John Quincy Adam's former national republican party who wanted the federal government to spur the economy |
| Democrats | Supporters of Andrew Jackson; included frontier farmers and factory workers |
| Caucus System | people called the system undemocratic because only a few powerful people were able to take part in it |
| Nominating Convention | where delegates from all over the states chose the party's candidate for president |
| Spoils System | practice of rewarding supporters with government jobs |
| Kitchen Cabinet | a group of unofficial advisers to Andrew Jackson who met with him in the white house kitchen |
| Trail of Tears | forced journey of the Cherokee Indians from Georgia to a region west of the Mississippi during which many Cherokees died |
| Depression | period when business activity slows, prices and wages fall, and unemployment rises |
| Mudslinging | the use of insults to attack an opponents reputation |
| Tariff of 1828 (Tariff of Abominations) | Tariff passed by congress that favored manufacturing in the north |
| Artisan | Skilled worker |
| Trade Union | Organized group of skilled workers who do the same types of jobs |
| Strike | Workers refusal to do their jobs |
| Famine | Severe food shortage |
| Nativists | One who wants to limit immigration and immigrants' rights |
| Cotton Kingdom | region of the southern united states that produced cotton up until the war |
| Popular sovereignty | the right of people to create their government |
| Free Soil Party | bipartisan antislavery party founded in the united states in 1848 to keep slavery out of the western territories |
| Uncle Tom's Cabin | Novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe written to show the evils of slavery and injustice of the Fugitive Slave Law |
| Border Ruffians | Pro slavery groups from Missouri who often battled antislavery forces in Kansas |
| Dred Scott Decision | voted that segregation was equal as long as the facilities of equal |
| Republican Party | made up of free soilers, northern democrats, and antislavery Whigs whose main goal was to end slavery in the south or stop the spread (keep out of the west) . |
| Martyr | person who dies for his or her beliefs |
| Fort Sumter | Start of the civil war/ first attack. Guarded Charleston harbor (in South Carolina) |
| Border States | Slave State that remained in the union during the Civil War |
| Martial Law | rule by the army instead of the elected government |
| Unions Draft Law | law requiring all able bodied men between the ages of 20 and 45 to serve if they were called |
| Confederacy's Draft Law | men who owned or supervised more than 20 slaves did not have to serve |
| Habeas Corpus | the right to be held in prison without first being charged with a specific crime |
| Inflation | rise in prices and a decrease in the value of money |
| Total War | all out war that affects civilians at home as well as soldiers in combat |
| Freedmen | men and women who had been slaves |
| Freedmens Bureau | government agency founded during reconstruction to help former slaves |
| Black Codes | laws that severely limited the rights of freemen |
| Radical Republicans | members of congress during reconstruction who wanted to ensure that freedmen received the right to vote |
| 13th Amendment | Banned slavery in all territories |
| 14th Amendment | If you were born in the U.S. than your a citizen and you can vote |
| Sharecropping/ Sharecropper | person who rents a plot of land from another person and farms it in exchange for a share of the crop |
| Amnesty Act of 1872 | Passed to restore the right to vote to nearly all white southerners |
| Poll Tax | tax required before a person can vote |
| Literacy Test | examination to see if a person can read and write; used in the past to restrict voting rights |
| Grandfather Clause | laws that stated if a voters father or grandfather had been eligible to vote on January 1, 1867, the voter did not have the take the literacy test |
| Segregation | legal separation of races |
| 19th Amendment | amendment that gives women the right to vote |
| Isolationism | limited involvement in the worlds affairs |
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