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Muculoskeletal
med surg
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Sway back | Lordosis |
| Lateral curvature of the spine | Scoliosis |
| Humpback | Kyphosis |
| used by physical therapist to measure true angles of ROM | Goniometer |
| Inflammation of the joints | Arthritis |
| S/S of Arthritis | pain, edema & stiffness of the joints especially upon waking |
| joints commonly affect by arthritis | lumbar vertebrae, hips, knees & fingers |
| RA | Rheumatoid Arthritis |
| RA is considered | autoinmmune & genetic |
| the most serious form of arthritis & can cause contractures | RA |
| contractures | flexion & fixation of the joints |
| S/S of RA | pain,edema,warmth stiffness of the joints especially upon waking |
| RA is systemic so it can spread to | all of the joints |
| RA can cause enlargement of the joints called | Rheumatoid Nodules |
| TX of RA | ROM,rest,NSAIDS & immunosupressants |
| OA | Osteoarthritis |
| most common arthritis & can accompany aging | OA |
| OA commonly affects | Fingers,neck lower back knees & hips |
| other causes of OA | chronic irritation, injury heredity & obesity |
| primary symptom of OA | Pain & stiffness of the joint |
| DJD | Degenerative Joint Disease |
| OA can cause DJD causing irregular bone deposits called | Spurs |
| there is no cure for OA but TX include | ROM, rest, heat therapy vit-D,C,E beta carotene NSAIDS & SAIDS SX: total hip replacement total knee replacement |
| Gout is a form of arthritis that usually affects the great toes it is caused by hyperuricemia causing deposits of uric acid crystals in the | kindeys & joints |
| blood condition of excessive uric acid | Hyperuricemia |
| usually sudden and affects men over the age of 40 | Gout |
| complications of gout | joint deformities & kidney damage |
| Tx for gout | refrain from consuming organ meat, anchovies,sardines & beer, antigout meds |
| CTS | carpal tunnel syndrome |
| compression of the median nerve in the wrist | CTS |
| more common in women and usually strikes around 35-40 | CTS |
| S/S of CTS | numbness & tingling in the hand progressing to pain that radiates up the arm to the shoulder especially at night |
| Repetitive strain injury | CTS |
| wrist is kept in a flexed position for an extended period to perform repetitive task | Cause of CTS |
| DX test for CTS | HX of repetitive movements electromyography (EMG) |
| TX for CTS | proper wrist alignment, avoidance of repetitive movements braces & splints NSAIDS and surgery |
| HID | Herniated intervertebral Disk AKA slipped or ruptured disk |
| occurs more frequently in the lower lumbar region many times cause by poor body mechanics | HID |
| Primary complication of HID | pressure exerted on the spinal cord & or spinal nerve causing weakness,tingling & numbness with extreme pain |
| common spinal nerve affected by HID | Sciatic nerve causing sciatica |
| irritation of the sciatic nerve | Sciatica |
| TX for HID | bed rest firm mattress,muscle relaxants, narcotic analgesics,heat application traction(TRX),TENS & Sx->diskectomy & vertebral fusion |
| Degeneration | deterioration |
| MD | muscular Dystrophy |
| hereditary disease of which there are several forms causing muscle degeneration in which the individual is totally disabled | MD |
| most common & serious form of MD | Duchenne |
| MD leads to death by means of | heart & respiratory failure |
| DX for MD | EMG & muscle biopsy |
| TX for MD | PT & OT orthopedic assistive devices |
| inflammation of the bone & bone marrow | osteomyelitis |
| common causes of osteomyelitis | staphylococcus aureus |
| S/S of osteomyelitis | pain, chills, pyrexia leukocytosis |
| Pyrexia | fever |
| leukocytosis | elevated WBC |
| common complication of an open fx is | osteomyelitis |
| necorsis | death |
| bone necrosis | sequestrum |
| complication of osteomyelitis | sequestrum |
| disease that affects infants & young children | Rickets |
| deficiency of CA & vit-D | Rickets |
| bones of a child with rickets are | soft & tend to bend easily causing deformities such as bowed legs & knocked knees |
| the child's legs are flaccid with rickets bc | muscles need CA for proper muscle contractions |
| teething may be delayed & there is a characteristic of pot belly | Rickets |
| rickets is associated with | malabsorption syndrome |
| inability to absorb fat soluble Vit- A,E,D & K | Malabsorption Syndrome |
| Most common prohylaxis & TX for rickets | sunlight 10min/day recommended daily dose of CA & vit-D |
| softening & decalcifification of the bones in adults | osetomalacia |
| disease that affects these bones the most vertebral column, pelvis & legs | osteomalacia |
| bones tend to bend deform & Fx easily | osteomalacia |
| a lateral curvature of the spine | scoliosis |
| the only way to dx osteoporosis | dual energy X-ray absorptiometery (DEXA) scan |
| needles test that looks for response to sensation | electromyography EMG |
| a deficiency in activated vit-D (calcitrol) which promotes calcium absorption from the GI tract | osteomalacia |
| one side of the bone is broken & other side is bent | Greenstick Fx |
| Chronic disorder that can result in enlarged & misshapen bones excessive breakdown & formation of bone followed by disorganized bone remodeling | Paget's Disease |
| distinctive sign of lupus: facial rash that resembles the wings of a butterfly unfolding across both cheeks - covers the cheeks & bridge of the nose | Butterfly rash |
| Systemic lupus erthematosus | SLE |
| autoimmune & gentic | RA |
| most serious form of arthritis & can cause contratures | RA |
| open FX | compound fx |
| bone protrudes through the skin | compound Fx |
| twist around the shaft of the bone | Spiral Fx |
| below the knee amputation | BKA |
| observe bleeding, VS, dressing, Elevate extremity,don't bend the knee may elevate FOB, control pain, lie Pt in prone position, light weight cast&stump shaping dressing change, washing stump | post op care for amputees |
| Hip can easily pop out of socket becoming dislocate ,nurse must be compentent when caring for pt with THA, pt must use raised toilet seat, don't turn toes inward will cause hip to internally rotate,No crossing legs,dont bend at the waist, keep legs apduct | post-op precautions for THA |
| Tx for clubfoot | cast or splints are put on during the neonatal period |
| TX for arthritis : injection of gold salts also called aurotherapy | chrysotherapy |
| a test using X-rays to obtain a series of pictures of a joint after a contrast material (such as a dye, water, air, or a combination of these) has been injected into the joint | Arhrogram |
| a surgical operation to remove the back of one or more vertebrae, usually to give access to the spinal cord or to relieve pressure on nerves. | laminectomy |
| what type of surgery would be used to remove bone spurs | lamimectomy |
| a way to detect irritated nerves. It is performed by lightly tapping (percussing) over the nerve to elicit a sensation of tingling or "pins and needles" in the distribution of the nerve. | Tinel's Sign |
| show conditions affecting the spinal cord and nerves within the spinal canal. | myleogram |
| a system of splints, ropes, slings, pulleys, and weights for suspending the lower extremities of the body, used as an aid to realignment and healing from fractures or from surgical intervention. | balance suspension traction |
| What actually happens in the body with RA | something triggers the immune system to attack the joints & somtime other organs. |
| autoimmune disease,inflammation can affect many different body systems including joints,skin ,kidneys, blood cells, brain,heart & lungs | SLE |
| S/S of SLE | fatigue, fever,joint pain, stiffness, swelling, butterfly rash, skin lesions that worsen with the sun,raynauds in time of stress,SOB,chest pain, dry eyes, celphagia , confusion & memory loss |
| SLE is | idopathic |
| complications of SLE | serious kidey damage,infection ,bone tissue death, cancer |
| kidney failure is one of the leading causes of death among ppl with | SLE |
| Dx SLE | low RBC & WBC, increased SED rate, Antinuclear anitbody (ANA) test, organ function test & CXR |
Created by:
carolyne33
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