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Geri
Test 2
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Integumentary expected age-related changes | senile lentigo, seborrheic keratosis, cutaneous papilloma or skin tags, crows feet or wrinkles, faded hair color or gray, hair distribution pattern change, fingernails grow more slowly, toenails become thick, xerosis, senile purpura |
Integumentary common disorders seen with aging | basal cell carcinoma and melanoma, pressure ulcers, inflammation and infection, hypothermia |
inflammation and infection (6) | rosacea, dermatitis (contact, allergic, seborrheic), herpes zoster, infections (fungal, yeast & bacterial), scabies |
musculoskeletal expected age-related changes | decreased bone calcium, decreased fluid in intravertebral disks, decreased blood supply to muscles, decreased tissue elasticity, decreased muscle mass |
musculoskeletal common disorders seen with aging | osteoporosis, DJD including rheumatoid arthritis, bursitis, gouty arthritis |
respiratory expected age-related changes | decreased body fluids, decreased # of cells, decreased # of macrophages, decreasedtissue elasticity in alveoli & lower lung, decreased muscle strength & endurance, decreased # of capillaries, decreased calcification of cartilage |
respiratory common disorders seen with aging | COPD (asthma, emphysema, chronic bronchitis), influenza, pneumonia, TB, lung cancer |
cardiovascular expected age-related changes | decreased cardiac muscle tone, decreased cardiac output, decreased elasticity of heart muscle & BV, decreased pacemaker cells, decreased baroreceptor sensitivity, increased heart size- LV, increased atheroscelrosis, increased valvular scleorosis |
cardiovascular common disorders seen with aging | coronary artery disease, coronary valve disease, cardiac arrhythmias, CHF, cardiomegaly, PVD, occulsive peripheral vascular probs, varicose veins, aneurysm, hypertensive disease |
hematopoietic and lymphatic expected age-related changes | increased plasma viscosity, decreased RBC production, decreased mobilization of neutrophils, increased immature T-cell response |
hematopoietic and lymphatic nursing considerations | may not display fever, UTI - may not have pain or dysuria, absense of pain with any infection at all |
hematopoietic and lymphatic nursing considerations s/sx | confusion (#1), agitation, falls, blood sugar changes even w/out DM dx, quiet/more reserved, changes in urine color or odor |
GI expected age-related changes | increased dental caries & tooth loss, decreased thirst perception, decreased gag reflux, decreased muscle tone at sphincters, decreased saliva and gastric secretions, decreased gastric motility and peristalsis, decreased liver size & enzyme production |
GI common disorders seen with aging | hiatal hernia, gastritis & ulcers, diverticulosis & diverticulitis, cancer, hemorrhoids, rectal prolapse |
urinary expected age-related changes | decreased # of fx nephrons, decreased BS, decreased muscle tone, decreased tissue elasticity, delayed/decreased perception of need to void, increased nocturnal urine production, increased size of prostate - leads to complications |
urinary common disorders seen with aging | urinary incontinence, UTI, chronic renal failure |
types of urinary incontinence (5) | stress, urge, overflow, functional, total |
stress incontinence | leakage of urine during conditions that increase intra-abdominal pressure, such as exercise, lifting heavy objects, laughing, coughing, or sneezing |
urge incontinence | caused by involuntary contraction of the detrusor muscle of the bladder |
overflow incontinence | leakage of small amts of urine from an overly full bladder - brain doesnt send signal that you need to go - needs to meds to help |
functional incontinence | seen in older adults whom have normal urethral and bladder function, changes in functional ability may be cognitive or physical in nature |
total incontinence | a condition in which older adults experience continuous and unpredictable loss of urine such as bad stroke and end stage dementia |
nervous system expected age-related changes | decreased # of brain cells, decreased # of nerve fibers, decreased amts of neuroreceptors, decreased peripheral nerve function |
nervous common disorders seen with aging | parkinsons disease, TIA, CVA |
eyes expected age-related changes | decreased # of eyelashes, decreased tear production, decreased tissue elasticity, decreased muscle tone, increase discoloration of lens |
eyes common disorders seen with aging | blepharitis, diplopia, cataracts, glaucoma, age related macular degeneration and retinal detachment |
age related macular degeneration and retinal detachment types | wet & dry |
wet defined | really bad - leads to blindness, genetic link, abnormal growth of BV under retina, leakage of blood; retina swollen & distorted, last surgery |
dry defined | inadequate nutrient supply or waste removal resulting from vascular changes, macula becomes damaged, decrease central vision |
ears expected age-related changes | decreased tissue elasticity, decreased joint mobility, decreased ceruminous cells in the external ear canal, atrophy of vestibular structures in the inner ear |
ears common disorders seen with aging | otosclerosis, tinnitus, deafness, menieres disease |
taste and small expected age-related changes | decreased # of papillae on tongue, decreased # of nasal sensory receptors - no desire to eat leads to FTT b/c no sense of smell & taste |
endocrine system common disorders seen with aging | decreased pituitary secretions (growth hormone), decreased production of thyroid-stimulating hormone, decreased insulin production or increased insulin resistance, decreased production of parathyroid hormone |
endocrine system expected age-related changes | diabetes mellitus, hypoglycemia, hypothyroidism |
reproductive & GU common disorders seen with aging | changes in women - decreased estrogen levels, decreased tissue elasticity; changes in men - decreased testosterone levels, decreased circulation |
reproductive & GU expected age-related changes | uterine prolapse, vaginal infection, breast cancer, prostate cancer |