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Shock
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Shock | Inadequate tissue perfusion; resulting from insufficient oxygen delivery, uptake, and utilization to meet the metabolic demands of cells and organs. |
Hypovolemic Shock ~~ volume problem | Decrease in the amount of circulating blood volume. Shock from hemorrhage is the leading cause of preventable deaths in trauma patients. |
Obstructive Shock ~~ pump problem | Hypoperfusion of the tissue due to an obstruction either in the vasculature or the heart. |
Cardiogenic Shock ~~ pump problem | Results from pump failure in the presence of adequate intravascular volume. There is a lack of cardiac output and end-organ per fusion secondary to a decrease in myocardial contractility and/or valvular insufficiency. |
Distributive Shock ~~ | Result of maldistribution of an adequate circulating blood volume with the loss of vascular tone or increased permeability. |
Neurogenic Shock = Distributive Shock | Occurs with spinal cord injury resulting in the loss of sympathetic nervous system control of vascular tone, which produces vasodilitation. |
Anaphylactic Shock = Distributive Shock | Results from a release of histamines or other inflammatory mediators, contracting smooth muscle and increasing vascular permeability and vasodilation. |
Septic Shock = Distributive Shock | Caused by the systemic release of bacterial endotoxins, resulting in increased vascular permeability and vasodilation. |
Cardiogenic Shock | Myocardial Infarction |
Cardiogenic Shock | Dysrhythmias |
Cardiogenic Shock | Blunt cardiac Trauma |
Cardiogenic Shock | Loss of cardiac contractility and dysrhythmias |
Cardiogenic Shock | Reduced cardiac output |
Cardiogenic Shock | Treatment includes inotropic support, antidysrhythmic medication, and treatment of underlying cause. |
Hypovolemic Shock | Hemorrhage |
Hypovolemic Shock | Whole blood loss |
Hypovolemic Shock | Burns |
Hypovolemic Shock | Plasma loss |
Hypovolemic Shock | Severe loss of volume from vomiting and or diarrhea. |
Obstructive Shock | Tension pneumothorax |
Obstructive Shock | Cardiac tamponade |
Obstructive Shock | Tension hemothorax |
Obstructive Shock | Compression of heart with obstruction to atrial filling. |
Obstructive Shock | Mediastinal shift with obstruction to atrial fillings |
Obstructive Shock | Combination of compression of the heart and mediastinal shift. |
Distributive Shock | Neurogenic shock |
Distributive Shock | Anaphylactic shock |
Distributive Shock | Septic shock |
Distributive Shock | Loss of vasomotor tone due to decreases in sympathetic control |
Distributive Shock | Vasodilation of vessels due to immune reaction to allergens. |
Distributive Shock | Mediated by systemic inflammatory response syndrome with hypotension and perfusion abnormalities. |
Distributive Shock | treatments include norepinephrine, dopamine, epinephrine, vasopressin to produce vasoconstriction. |