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Test 2
Units 3 and 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Describe the purposes of range of motion exercises. | Range of Motion exercises are done to keep the body flexible, especially if there is a medical problem that restricts normal exercise. Nurses make every effort to promote and maintain clients’ functional mobility. |
| Explain the rationale for performing range of motion exercise. | Range of Motion gently puts joints through their full range of motion. These exercises help maintain normal joint movement and relieve stiffness, as well as maintain or increase. |
| (Neck, Cervical Spine) Flexion | Bring chin to rest on Chest. *45 Degree *Sternocleidomastoid Muscle |
| (Neck, Cervical Spine) Extentension | Return head to erect position *45 degrees *Trapezius Muscles |
| (Neck, Cervical Spine) Hyperextension | Bend head back as far as possible * 10 degrees * Trapezius Muscle |
| (Neck, Cervical Spine) Lateral Flexion | Tilt head as far as possible towards each shoulder * 40-45 degrees * Sternocleidomastoid |
| (Neck, Cervical Spine) Rotation | Turn head as far as possible toward each shoulder. *180 degrees *Sternocleidomastoid, Trapezius |
| (Shoulder) Flexion | Rise Arm from side position forward to position above head. *45-60 degrees *Coracobrachialis |
| Discuss the benefits of Physical Activity. | The Benefits of physical activity include increased energy, improved sleep, better appetite, less pain, improved self-esteem. |
| Examine elements essential for Mobility. | Three elements essential for mobility include: 1)The ability to moved based on adequate muscle strength, control, coordination, and range-of-motion (ROM) 2)The motivation to move 3)The absence of barriers in the environment. |
| Describe the rationale for principles of correct body mechanics. | To prevent injury to both client and caregiver, use of safe client handling techniques are essential. Evidence shows that many traditional techniques for client handling (e.g.manual client lifting, classes in body mechanics, back belts) are not effective |
| Action: When planning to move a client, arrange for adequate help. If your institution has a lift team, use it as a resource. | Rationale: A lift team is properly trained on techniques to prevent injury. |
| Action: Use client handling equipment and devices (e.g height adjustable beds, ceiling mounted lifts, friction-reducing slide sheets, air assisted devices) | Rationale: Theses devices have shown promise in reducing a caregiver's muscular strain during client handling. |
| Action: Encourage client to assist as much a possible. | Rationale: Promotes client's abilities and strength while minimizing caregiver workload. |
| Action: Keep back, neck, pelvis and feet aligned. Avoid twisting. | Rationale: Twisting increases risk of injury. |
| Action: Flex knees, and keep feet about a shoulder width apart. | Rationale: A broad base of support increases stability. |
| Action: Position self close to client (or object being lifted) | Rationale: Reduces horizontal reach and stress on back. |
| Action: Use arms and legs (not back). | Rationale: Leg muscles are stronger, larger muscles capable of greater work without injury. |
| Action: Slide client toward yourself using a pull sheet or slide board. When transferring a client onto a stretcher or bed, a slide board is more appropriate. | Rationale: Sliding requires less effort than lifting. Pull sheet minimizes shearing forces, which can damage client's skin. |
| Action: Person with the heaviest load coordinates effort of team involved by counting to three. | Rationale: Simultaneous lifting minimizes the load for any one lifter. |
| Action: Perform manual lifting as last resort and only if it does not involve lifting most or all of a client's weight. | Rationale: Lifting is a high-risk activity that causes significant biochemical and postural stressors. |
| Explain the functions of intact skin. | 1)Defense against infection. 2)Awareness of touch, pain, heat, cold and pressure. 3)Control of body temperature. |
| Discuss the benefits of bathing. | *Cleansing the skin *Stimulating Circulation *Promoting Range-of Motion *Reducing Body odor *Improving Self-Image |
| Assess the influence of aging on the skin. | With age, the skin becomes thinner, dry, less vascular, more fragile, and prone to bruising and tears. |
| Common Skin Problems: | *Dry Skin *Acne *Hirsutism *Rashes *Contact dermatitis *Abrasion |
| Common Hair and Scalp Conditions: | *Alopecia (Hair loss) *Dandruff *Head Lice *Body Lice *Crab Lice |
| Common Foot and Nail Problems: | *Callus *Corns *Plantar Warts *Athlete's Foot *Ingrown Nails *Fungus Infection |
| Repositioning | In bed: Every 2 hours In Chair: 20-30 minutes |
| Variables that affect positioning: | *Comfort *Spontaneous movement *Edema *Loss of sensation *Physical and Mental status |
| Immobilized clients are at risk for _____________ of the lower extremites. | thrombosis (blood clots) |
| Preventions for Immobilized Clients at risk for Thrombosis: | *early Ambulation *Elastic Stockings *Sequential Compression devices *Low molecular wt or low dose heparin. |
| Pressure points in the lying and sitting position include: | *Posterior Skull *Shoulder blades *elbows *Coccyx *Heels |
Created by:
Brandi_LG@hotmail.co
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