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68C Ch.12 Ph.1 T.5
Hole's Essentials of A&P Chapter 12: Blood
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Describe the functions related to blood and blood components | Transport biochemicals throughout the body, protect us against disease, plugs damaged vessels , distribute heat throughout body |
Identify the major components of blood | Erythrocytes(RBC) Leukocytes (WBC) Platelets(Thrombocytes) Plasma |
Erythrocyte | Biconcave disk used to transport gases, no nucleus, shape increases surface area |
Red blood cell production is due to the release of | Erythropoietin |
Vitamins necessary for the production of RBC's (2) | Vitamin B12 Folic Acid |
Anemia | Too few red blood cell's= too few hemoglobin results in |
Hemoglobin | oxygen carrying portion of blood, iron is a major component |
Leukocytes | cells that protect against disease, phagocytize bacterial cells |
Name the granulocytes and agranulocytes | Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils, Monocytes, Lymphocytes |
DIFF(differential white blood cell count) | test that list the percentages of types of leukocytes in a blood sample |
Neutrophils | increase in bacterial infections, inflammation, allergic reactions |
Eosinophils | increase during parasitic infections |
Basophils | Cytoplasmic granules contain heparin and other granules histamine |
Lymphocyte | important in immunity |
Monocyte | Largest leukocyte, may leave the circulatory system and go to tissues at which point it becomes a macrophage |
Platelets (Thrombocytes) | incomplete cells or portions of cells, clump together at the site of hemorrhage |
Name the 3 Plasma proteins | Albumin Globulin Fibrinogen |
Macrophage | phagocytize and destroy damaged red blood cells primarily in the liver and spleen |
Name the actions that help to limit or prevent blood loss | Blood vessel spasm Platelet plug formation Blood coagulation |
What happens during a vasospasm | smooth muscles in the blood vessel wall contract causing blood loss to lessen immediately |
Describe the process of coagulation within a blood vessel | Prothrombin converted into thrombin, thrombin breaks fibrinogen into fibrin strands, Fibrin strands form mesh-like structure, RBCs and platelets adhere to mesh, form clot |
Describe the difference between a thrombus and embolus | thrombus remains stationary, while an embolus is a dislodged particle carried away by blood flow |
Antigens | proteins found on the RBC, stimulate body to make antibodies |