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Chem 05 Electrons
Terms associated with wave mechanics and electron arrangements in atoms.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| electrons have both wave and particle characteristics so they have a _?_ nature | dual |
| a 90% probability region in which an electron is likely to be found | orbital |
| letter that stands for a spherically shaped orbital (probability region)... one per energy level | s |
| letter that stands for a dumbbell shaped orbital (probability region, three per energy level) | p |
| letter that stands for a cloverleaf shaped orbital (probability region)... five per energy level | d |
| letter that stands for the orbital (probability region( shape that has seven orientations per energy level and a complex ('flower') shape | f |
| The set of 4 numbers/letters that describe the energy state of an electron in an atom (mnemonic: P.O.M.S.) are referred to as ___ numbers. | quantum |
| The ___ quantum number corresponds to the Bohr model energy levels... it tells the DISTANCE of an electron from the nucleus | principal |
| the ___ quantum number describes the SHAPE of the probability region in which an electron wave is moving | orbital |
| The ___ quantum number indicates the orientation (direction pointing) in space of a probability region (ex: one was x, y, or z) | magnetic |
| The ___ quantum number describes some opposite behavior for electrons that can have only two possibilities (ex: ↑ or ↓) | spin |
| "Electrons enter the lowest energy position/orbital first" and build up is called the ___ principle. | aufbau |
| "Each orbital in a sublevel must receive one electron before pairing occurs" (single-single-single) is ___ rule (with an apostrophe!). | Hund's |
| The Pauli ___ principle states that "no two electrons in an atom have the exact same set of quantum numbers (all electrons in an atom are unique)" | exclusion |
| The '___ rule' is a mnemonic diagram used to help remember when principal energy level sublevels 'overlap' (Mr. O had to learn this, but YOU can just use the P.T.!) | diagonal |
| The term ___ filling describes the addition of electrons to a sublevel of a principal level BELOW the outermost (ex: filling 3d AFTER 4s) | belated |
| groups 1-2 on the periodic table, plus helium, make up the ___ block | s |
| groups 13-18 on the periodic table make up the ___ block | p |
| groups 3 - 12 (the 'transition elements) on the periodic table into which the last added electron enters a sublevel ONE level below the outmost principal energy level is the ___ block | d |
| The bottom two rows separate horizontal rows on the periodic table (into which the last added electron enters an orbital in the TWO levels below the outmost principal energy level) make up the ___ block | f block |
| Using blanks and arrows to show the arrangement of electrons in an atom (ex: _↑↓_ _↑__) is called ___ notation | orbital |
| Using coefficients, letters, superscripts, and sometimes brackets/symbols to show the arrangement of electrons in an atom (1s^2 2s^2 <--study stack doesn't do superscripts!) is called ___ configuration notation | electron |
| The ejection of electrons by some metals when light of sufficient energy strikes the surface (principle automatic elevator doors operate on) is called the ___ effect. | photoelectric |
| A packet or bundle (or quantum) of LIGHT energy is a ___. | photon |
| a packet or bundle ('particle') of ANY energy form is a ___. | quantum |
| SI unit of energy | joule |
| energy level an excited electron must fall to to emit/release a photon of visible light | 2nd |
| energy level an excited electron must fall to to emit/release a photon of ultraviolet light | 1st |
| energy level an excited electron must fall to to emit/release a photon of infrared light | 3rd |
| consists of all electron orbitals of equivalent energy (ex: the three p orbitals together form a p ___) | sublevel |
| symbol of first element to undergo belated filling | Sc |
| symbol of element that has an irregular filling pattern due to 'borrowing' an electron to form a 1/2-filled d sublevel | Cr |
| symbol of element that has an irregular filling pattern due to 'borrowing' an electron to form a FILLED d sublevel | Cu |
| symbol of only element on the periodic table that is not located in the same area as the rest of the elements in its "block" | He |
| all members of this periodic table group are very chemically stable because they have filled outer s & p energy sublevels | noble gases |
| according to Hunds rule, if 3 electrons enter a p sublevel, they will be arranged in this pattern | single-single-single |
| A very stable arrangement of electrons possessed by all members of group 18 is called a ___ ___ configuration (NGC). | noble gas |
| The only electrons represented with ___ in the abbreviated (Noble Gas) form of electron configuration notation (ex - Mg:[Ne]3s^2 <-- these two) are those in the outermost principal energy level and are referred to as 'valence' electrons | superscripts |
| maximum # of electrons ever found in the outer level of an atom | 8 |
| The model of the atom developed by Schrodinger and others that accounts for the wave nature of electrons is called the electron ___ model. | cloud |
| When electrons absorb or release energy, they don't actually 'jump' from one level to another, they change form from one ___ wave form to another. | standing |
Created by:
goakley
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