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Exam 51-2
Foundations of Nursing
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| General Adaptation Syndrome Stage One | Crisis or Alarm Body gets ready to handle stress |
| General Adaptation Syndrome Stage Two | Adaptation or resistance body attempts to defend against stressor through fight or flight |
| General Adaptation Syndrome Stage Three | Exhaustion Fight or Flight has wore off |
| Ageism | Process of Systematic stereotyping of and discrimination against people because of their advanced age |
| Nurse Practice Act | A statue enacted by the legislature of any of the states or by the appropriate officers of the districts possessions. The act delineates the legal scope of the practice of nursing within the geographic boundaries of jurisdiction |
| Malpractice | Professional Misconduct; behavior that fails to meet the standard of care |
| Negligence | Failure to act as a responsible prudent person would act in the given situation; applies to professional and laypeople |
| Laypeople | people that do not have a license non professional |
| Assault | An intentional threat to cause bodily harm to another, does not have to include actual bodily contact |
| Battery | Unlawful touching of another person without informed consent |
| Standards of Care | Those acts that are permitted to be performed or prohibited from being performed by a prudent person working within the limits of the training, licensing, experience and conditions existing at the time of the duty to give care |
| Nonmaleficence | to do no harm |
| Nuclear family | A family unit consisting of the biologic parents and their offspring |
| Therapeutic Communication | "Have no Barrier" Exchange of information that facilitates the formation of a positive nurse patient relationship and actively involves the patient in all areas of the nursing process |
| Non-Verbal Communication | Transmission of messages without the use of words |
| Stress | Non-specific response to any demand made on the body(Any situation event or agent that causes stress) |
| Grief | Series of intense psychological responses occurring after loss necessary, normal, natural and adaptive responses |
| Defense Mechanisms | Happen Automatically be proactive to make a change |
| Bereavement | Period of Grief after death of loved one |
| Loss | Any potential, Actual, or perceived situation when valued object or person changed or is not accessible |
| Uncomplicated Grief | Normally follows fairly predictable significant loss |
| Anticipatory Grief | Occurs before expected loss |
| Dysfunctional Grief | Intense, Persistent Pattern that does not result in reconciliation of feelings |
| Chromosomes | Threadlike structures in the nucleus of a cell that function in the transmission of genetic (DNA)information |
| DNR | Do Not Resuscitate Regarding life saving treatment |
| Beneficence | doing good or acting for someone's good |
| Implementation | Guide them to express their feelings provide support spend time listening |
| Disenfranchised Grief | Not openly acknowledged, socially sanctioned or publicly shared (will not cry in public) |
| Palliative Care | Relief of symptoms Goal: assure quality of life designed to make people feel comfortable |
| Acceptance | To Accept death |
| Depression | sad / crying |
| Bargaining | Make deals (with God) |
| Anger | Mad / Frustrated |
| Denial | Can not accept it or believe it |
| Spiritual Needs | Use touch, play music, pray with client, show empathy or contact the clergy |
| Hospice | Pain Free & Dignified care for the terminally ill |
| Physical Signs of Death | Absence of heartbeat, cessation of respirations, mottling of skin, eyelids remaining slightly open, jaw becomes relaxed, slight opening of the mouth |
| Requirements of Communication | Sender & Receiver For both one-way and two-way communication |
| Connotative Meaning | individuals perception or interpretation of a given word |
| Denotative Meaning | Commonly accepted definition of a particular word |
| Jargon | Commonplace "language" unique to a person in a particular worksetting |
| What are characteristics of Therapeutic Communication | Verbal-reflection, stating an observation, offer info., summarizing Non-Verbal- Active listening, conveying acceptance, maintaining silence, minimal incouragement |
| Anxiety | Subjective response occurring when person experiences real or perceived threat to wellbeing |
| What are stress management techniques | exercise, relaxation, cognitive reframing or thought stopping |
| How do you manage professional stress | Develop active support systems, use time management, focus on accomplishments, know personal limits, avoid harmful substances |
| Mourning | period of grief integration and resolution of loss |
| Uncomplicated Loss | Normally follows fairly predictable significant loss |
| Anticipatory | Occurs before an expected loss |
| Advance Directive | Written instruction of client wishes includes durable power of attorney for health care and living will |
| What are the five stages of Death | Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, and Acceptance |
| What does end of life care consist of | Focus on meeting physical and psychosocial needs of client and family |
| What are Physiological Needs | Respiration, fluids & nutrition, mouth,eyes,nose, mobility, skin care, elimination, comfort, physical environment |
| Post Mortem care consists of | Cleaning the client (bathe), dressing them in clean clothes, remove dressing and tubes, combing them hair and making them look good and peaceful. Place body with head elevated |
| What are Intentional Torts | Assault Battery Defamation Fraud False Imprisonment Invasion of Privacy |
| Defamation | using words to harm or injure another |
| Fraud | wrong resulting from deliberate deception to produce unlawful gain |
| What are Unintentional Torts | Negligence and Malpractice |
| Autonomy | Respect the individuals right to self-determination (gain through trust) |
| Clients Rights | Make decisions regarding their care Be actively involved in the treatment process Be treated with dignity and respect |
| What is an ethical dilemma | When two or more ideals or values are in conflict and include: Euthanasia Refusal of Treatment Scarcity of Resources |
| Euthanasia | Action or inaction that causes merciful death |
| Refusal of Treatment | clients right to refuse treatment |
| Scarcity of Resources | Limited availability of health care |
| Code of Ethics 1. | PT Provides care with respect for human dignity and the uniqueness of the client/patient, regardless of the individuals social or economic status, personal attributes or the nature or degree of the disability |
| Code of Ethics 2. | PT acts to safeguard the client's right to privacy and dignity |
| Code of Ethics 3. | PT acts to protect clients/patients and the public from the incompetent, unethical or illegal practice of any person |
| Code of Ethics 4. | PT assumes responsibility and accountability for individual nursing judgments and actions, and for the quality and extent of services performed |
| Code of Ethics 5. | PT maintains professional competency through continuing education |
| Code of Ethics 6. | PT respects the findings, views and actions of other disciplines, and uses appropriate channels to express judgment of these matters |
| Code of Ethics 7. | PT Participates in activities that contribute to the ongoing development of the profession |
| Code of Ethics 8. | PT participates in the profession's efforts to implement and improve the profession's Standards of Practice |
| Code of Ethics 9. | PT participates in the profession's efforts to establish and maintain conditions of employment conducive to quality psychiatric nursing care |
| Code of Ethics 10. | PT participates in the profession's effort to protect the public from misinformation and misrepresentation and to maintain the integrity of psychiatric nursing care |
| Code of Ethics 11. | PT collaborates with members of the health professions and other citizens in promoting community and national efforts to meet the mental health needs of the public |
| Code of Ethics 12. | PT maintains readiness to provide appropriate professional services in public emergencies |
| The newly licensed practical nurse (LPN) carefully reads the nurse practice act (NPA)of the state in which she will practice. The primary purpose of the NPA is to: | define the scope of nursing practice |
| The nurse working in a nursing home knows that one of his duties is to be an advocate for his patients. A primary duty of an advocate is to: | maintain the patient's right to privacy |
| The health care provider's order read "assist the patient with walking." The nurse caring for the older adult patient let her walk by herself and the patient fell, fracturing the humerus. The nurse could: | be found guilty of malpractice |
| The patient refused to take the medication his doctor ordered for relief of pain. The LPN knows this is a patient right established by: | the Patient Self-Determination Act |
| The LPN/LVN knows that one of the best defenses against a lawsuit is for a nurse to: | promote a positive nurse-patient relationship |
| The nurse believes that all patients should be treated as individuals. The ethical principle that this belief reflects is: | respect for people |
| LPN/LVNs have code of professional and personal ethics to follow. The purpose of a code of ethics is to: | promote trustworthy, accountable LPN/LVNs |
| The patient admitted for surgery has a lump in her breast. The patient's daughter asks the LVN if her mother should have the surgery. Which issue must the LVN consider before answering? | Confidentiality and invasion of privacy |
| The nurse's first job as an LPN is on a unit that cares for terminally ill children. Before helping families deal with their children's illnesses, the nurse will need to: | spend time performing value clarification to aid identifying her feelings about this new role |
| The LPN knows that the purpose of an advance directive is to: | Allow a patient to exercise the right of autonomy |
| The nurse knows that all patients have the right to nursing interventions regardless of their race, religion, or sex. The ethical principle that best describes this concept is: | Justice |
| An alert adult patient has refused an intra muscular injection. The nurse waits until the patient is asleep and gives the injection anyway. The nurse could be charged with: | Civil Battery |
| The nurse is licensed to practice nursing in New York. She just received a license by endorsement from Ohio. The nurse knows that when she works in Ohio, she must follow the: | Nurse Practice Act |
| The nurse loves photography and brings his camera to work at the nursing home. He takes a picture of one of his co-workers walking a patient. The nurse has just: | Violated the patient's right to privacy |
| What does HIPAA stand for | Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act |
| The newly licensed nurse starting her first job is assigned to catheterize a male patient but has never done this procedure before. Her best first action is to: | Find and read the procedure for male catheterization in the procedure book on her unit and ask another experienced nurse to supervise her during procedure |
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