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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Shang Dynasty | earliest Chinese dynasty for which we have written records Oracle bones |
| Zhou Dynasty | dynasty that took over the dominant position in north China from the Shang and created the concept of the Mandate of Heaven |
| Qin Dynasty | Shihangdi unifier of china |
| Han | Finishes the Great Wall of China and mostly smooths china out. |
| Confucius | as a code of conduct for government officials |
| Mandate of Heaven | Created in Zhou Dynasty in which those in power were given the right to rule from a divine source |
| Shihuangdi | Emperor of the Qin Dynasty and known for his ruthless conquests of rival states, standardization, the great wall, and his Terra Cotta army |
| Classical Civilization | civilizations that had strong central governments, developed trade networks, and made major contributions to our modern world |
| 1600 B.C.E. - 1050 B.C.E | Shang Dynasty |
| 1046 B.C.E. 256 B.C. E | Zhou Dynasty |
| 500 B.C.E. - 221 B.C.E | Warring States |
| 221 - 206 B.C.E | Qin Dynasty |
| 206 B.C.E. - 220 C.E | Han Dynasty |
| Sui Dynasty | between the Han and the Tang dynasty strengthened the government, and introduced Buddhism to China |
| Feudalism | social system that developed during the Middle Ages; nobles offered protection and land in return for service |
| Zoroastrianism | religion that saw material existence as a battle between the forces of good and evil |
| Alexander the Great | conquered Persian Empire and advanced to borders of India; attempted to combine Greek and Persian culture; taught by Aristotle |
| Yellow Turbans | Chinese Daoists who launched a revolt in 184 C.E, promising a golden age to be brought about by divine magic. |
| Darius | Persian ruler who brought order to the Persian Empire. He also built roads; established a postal system; and standardized weights, measures, and coinage. |
| Cyrus | Founder of the Achaemenid Persian Empire |
| Persian empire | Of or relating to Iran or its people or language or culture |
| Parthians | Persian dynasty very heavy calvary |
| Persian Wars | Conflicts between Greek city-states and the Persian Empire |
| Han Wudi | expanded the Empire in all directions; created the Civil Service System based upon Confucian learning; established Imperial University; promoted the Silk Roads |
| Confucianism | system of ethics, education, and statesmanship taught by Confucius and his disciples, stressing love for humanity, ancestor worship, reverence for parents, and harmony in thought and conduct |
| Daoism | Daoists believe that the world is always changing and is devoid of absolute morality or meaning. |
| Ashoka | extended conquests of the dynasty; converted to Buddhism and sponsored its spread throughout his empire. |
| Chandra Gupta | foundations for the Gupta empire, he forged alliances with powerful families in the Ganges Region and established a dynamic kingdom about the year 320 C.E. Golden Age |
| White Huns | Nomadic invaders from central Asia; invaded India; disrupted Gupta administration |
| Buddhism | religion or philosophy based on the teaching of the Buddha that a state of enlightenment can be attained by suppressing worldly desire |
| Aristotle | Greek philosopher |
| Sparta | Greek city-state that was ruled by an oligarchy, focused on military, used slaves for agriculture, discouraged the arts |
| Plebeians | Members of the lower class of Ancient Rome including farmers, merchants, artisans and traders |
| Pax Romana | A period of peace and prosperity throughout the Roman Empire, lasting from 27 B.C. to A.D. 180 |
| Silk roads | Trade routes stretching from China to the Mediterranean, which allowed for the exchange of goods and ideas from China to the Roman Empire |
| patricians | the wealthy class in Roman society; landowners |
| Twelve Tables | the earliest written collection of Roman laws, drawn up by patricians about 450B.C., that became the foundation of Roman law |
| Athens | the capital and largest city of Greece |
| Pericles | Athenian statesman whose leadership contributed to Athen |
| socrates | Greek philosopher; sentenced to death for corrupting Athens youth |
| Buddha | Buddha Indian prince named Siddhartha Gautama, who renounced his wealth and social position |
| Hinduism | wide variety of beliefs and ritual practices that have developed in the Indian subcontinent since antiquity |
| Judaism | A religion with a belief in one god. It originated with Abraham and the Hebrew people. |
| City- State | An urban center and the agricultural land around it under its control |
| Civil Service | In China, started by the Han, based on Confucius teachings |
| Franks | Germanic people who lived and held power in Gaul. Their leader was Clovis and he would later bring Christianity to the region. |
| Islam | Monotheistic religion beginning in the Middle East; Muslims believe that Allah transmitted his words to the faithful through Muhammad |
| Theocracy | A government ruled by immediate divine guidance or by officials who are regarded as being divinely guided |
| Mongol Empire | Largest land empire in the history of the world, spanning from Eastern Europe across Asia; split into hordes |
| Maya | Mesoamerican civilization concentrated in Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula and in Guatemala and Honduras |
| Aztec | Empire in central Mexico with the capital city of Tenochtitlan |
| Inca | Empire in the Andes Mountains of South America; capital at Cuzco; expansionist policy |
| Athenian democracy | comprising the city of Athens and the surrounding territory of Attica. Athens is one of the first known democracies. |
| Hellenistic Period | Ancient Period for the European and Near Asian space. The use of this period is justified by the extent of the Hellenic culture in most of these areas. |
| Caesar Augustus | first emperor of the Roman Empire after Julius Caesar died |
| Maurya Empire | geographically extensive Iron Age historical power in ancient India |
| Social ranking system | Rank you get depending on your social class. Social test |
| Indus | Flourished the longest out of all the others |
| Civ drop | Pop drop |
| Roman laungage | Latin |
| Wudi | Civil service system |
| social mobility | Test to move you up in social classes(China) |
| Romes army | Well trained, well fed, and well rewarded |
| Rome now | Italy |
| Alexander united | Greece |
| Greek citizen | Man, landowning,free |
| Athens had | Direct Democracy |
| Harem | Place where the women go |
| Dynastic cycle | Rise and fall of dynasties |
| Persepolis | Persian Capital |
| Empire | Take land by force |
| China | Technological change |
| Merchants were | Risk takers |
| the change between second and third wave | not much happened |
| 3 waves | First, second, and third |
| Rationalism | belief or theory that opinions and actions should be based on reason and knowledge rather than on religious belief or emotional response |
| Christianity | the religion based on the person and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth, or its beliefs and practices |
| Greek Geography | Island and mountain isolated |
| Herodotus | Greek historian whose writings, chiefly concerning the Persian Wars, are the earliest known examples of narrative history |
| Justinian code | A compilation of Roman imperial law made by order of Justinian I, forming part of the Corpus Juris Civilis |
| Minoan | Prosperous civilization on the Aegean island of Crete in the second millennium B.C.E. |
| Shaft Graves | Graves A term used for the burial sites of elite members of Mycenaean Greek society in the mid-second millennium B.C.E. |
| Phoenicians | Semitic-speaking Canaanites living on the coast of modern Lebanon and Syria in the first millennium B.C.E. |
| Satrap | The governor of a province in the Achaemenid Persian Empire, often a relative of the king. |
| Polis | A city-state in ancient Greece |
| Hoplite | Heavily armored Greek infantryman of the Archaic and Classical periods who fought in the close-packed phalanx formation. |
| Peloponnesian War | A protracted and costly conflict between the Athenian and Spartan alliance systems that convulsed most of the Greek world. |
| Assyrians | ethnic group whose origins lie in ancient northern Mesopotamia. They are a Semitic people who speak, read, and write distinct dialects of Eastern Aramaic exclusive to northern Mesopotamia and its immediate surroundings. |
| Babylon | was originally a Semitic Akkadian city dating from the period of the Akkadian Empire c. 2300 BC. |
| industrialization | process in which a society or country transforms itself from a primarily agricultural society into one based on the manufacturing of goods and services. |
| panoramic | with a wide view surrounding the observer; sweeping |
| helot | a member of a class of serfs in ancient Sparta, intermediate in status between slaves and citizens. |
| kshatriya | a member of the second of the four great Hindu castes, the military caste. |
| Punic Wars | were a series of three wars fought between Rome and Carthage from 264 BC to 146 BC. At the time, they were probably the largest wars that had ever taken place. |
| twelve tables is like | Hammurabis code |
| pax romana 200 years of what? | Piece |
| Rome | From republic to divine empire |
| Qin Dynasty starts | Unity |
| Ming Dyanasty | |
| leagalism | excessive adherence to law or formula. |
| Ban Zhao | Scholar from the Han Dynasty |
| Vedas | the most ancient Hindu scriptures |
| Upanishads | series of Hindu sacred treatises expounding the Vedas in predominantly mystical and monistic terms |
| Siddhartha Gautama | Buddha |
| Theravada | one of the two the major traditions of Buddhism more conservative of the two major traditions of Buddhism |
| Mahayana | one of the two major traditions of Buddhism, now practiced in a variety of forms especially in China, Tibet, Japan, and Korea |
| Bhagavad Gita | sacred Hindu text |
| Greek rationalism | Greek rationalism deals with trying to understand the world using logic and observation |
| Socrates | Greek philosopher credited as one of the founders of Western philosophy |
| Plato | philosopher as well as mathematician in Classical Greece |
| Jesus | Major person in Christianity teaches the word of his god. |
| Nazareth | Nazareth is the largest city in the North District of Israel |
| Jesus | Believed in after life taught for 3 years until crucified he is a reformer. |
| Both Jesus and Buddha | Believed in "being good", Love not war, and both were just a normal guy at first, then evolved into a deity. |
| Buddha | Started off poor, was a prince, 40 years of teaching until death, and fixed hinduism |
| Women can be nuns but cant | be a preacher |
| house churches | Church that was in someones house |
| Fractio Panis | Roman catacomb |
| Roman empire doesn't like Christianity when | Jesus is around |
| Theodosius the empire that makes everyone one switch to | Christianity |
| no Hierarchy means no | Violent Slpits |
| Hierarchy | system or organization in which people or groups are ranked one above the other |
| Buddhism always focused on improving yourself. | |
| Wang Shugu | Chinese artist |
| Legalism brings what back together | China |
| Filial Piety | Family is holy |
| Bodhi tree | Where Buddha meditated |
| Dharma | The job that you are suppose to do. |
| 4 noble means | all life is suffering, suffering is from attachmetnt to people and things, there is a way, 8 Fold Path |
| 8 Fold Path | Be good |
| Nirvana | Extinglish |
| Buddhist hate | Brahmins |
| Male monks | Female Nuns |
| Zoroastrianism | First monotheistic religion |
| Persian is modern | Iran |
| Judaism is about keeping | Covenent |
| Spaa | Plato, Socrates, Alexander, Aristatol |
| Roman Empire spread what culture | Greek |
| Universal religion | a religion that is adapted widely by outsiders. Like Buddhism, Christian, and islam |
| Pure leaders make | good followers |
| meritocracy | government or the holding of power by people selected on the basis of their ability |
| Book of The Analects | Confucius book |
| Apology | Defense |
| Socrates chooses death over what | being banished from his village |
| Constantine | Roman emperor and made Christianity a favored religion |
| Greek rationalism | system of scientific and philosophic thought that developed in classical Greece |
| karma | determining factor of the level at which the individual is reincarnated |
| Laozi | Chinese philosopher founder of Daoism |
| nirvana | The end goal of Buddhism wherein individual identity is "extinguished" into a state of serenity and great compassion |
| Saint Paul | The first great person to make Christianity more popular |
| yin and yang | Expression of the Chinese belief in the unity of opposites. |
| Zarathustra | Persian prophet who founded Zoroastrianism |
| Roman Republic | Rome was largely governed by the aristocratic Roman Senate. |
| aqueduct | a conduit, either elevated or underground, using gravity to carry water from a souce to a location that needed it |
| Augustine | Christian that made major contributions in incorporating elements of classical philosophy into Christianity |
| Benedict | founder of monasticism in the former western half of the Roman Empire |
| bodhisattvas | Buddhist holy men |
| animism | eligious outlook that sees gods in many aspects of nature |
| Pythagoras | Greek philosopher who believed that an unchanging mathematical order underlies the apparent chaos of the world. |
| Moksha | liberation from separate existence and union with the Brahman |
| Atman | The human soul, which in classic Hindu belief seeks union with Brahman |
| Ahura Mazda | In Zoroastrianism, the good god who rules the world |
| Islam | The religion of the Muslims |
| Pope | Bishop of Rome head of Christian Church in western Europe |
| Who starts civil service exam | Wu Di |
| Harijan | Children of god |
| Po Chu | Famous Poet from Tang Dynasty |
| Wang Mang | Land Redistribution |
| Scholar-Gentry | Smart-Old |
| Peasents are the | Backbone |
| Xian | Capital of Han China |
| Scholars are usually | Sneaky |
| Lowest rank in the caste hierarchy | Dalits |
| Varna | 4 ranked classes. Brahmins-Priest, Kshatiya-Warriors, Vaisya-commoners, Sudras-native people |
| When caste restrictions tighten this became harder for | Individuals to raise their social status |
| Dharma | The principle or law that orders the universe |
| untouchables | Lowest category in caste system. |
| Wudi | Chinese emperor that started the civil service exame |
| Wang Mang | Land redistribution |
| Peasent | the back bone |
| scholar-gentry | Smart-old |
| Capital of Han China | Xian |
| Dravidian | dark sin |
| Sudra | Not allowed to learn how to read. |
| Untouchables aren't considered part of the | Caste system |
| Brahmins cant eat _____ but warriors can | Meat |
| The higher you are in your caste means | The more pure your blood is |
| If you were valved you were | respected |
| Caste keeps India | Fragmented |
| Slavery is based off of domestication of animals, and men owning women | animals and men owning women |
| Most slaves were | P.O.Ws Prisoners of war |
| Everybody after the first wave civilizations pretty much had | Slaves |
| Second wave slavery = | Greece and Rome |
| In China if you were poor you could sell your | childern |
| IF you are in dept, criminal, P.O.W, you were | a slave |
| Slavery was minor in China and | India |
| Manumisson | Getting set free |
| In Rome slaves could be | teachers, Poets, and even actors |
| When the Romans spread it causes | Slavery |
| Evened Poor People had at least one or two | Slaves |
| Slaves are | sub-humman |
| Benevolent | Being good to do good |
| Weapons of the Weak | Slaves would sabotage the land by putting salt on it to get revenge on the masters |
| Haitian revolution | Most successful slave revolt |
| Maya = | Writing in america |
| Classical age = | Rome and greece |
| Land in Africa wasn't | good half was desert and half was rainforest |
| Africa had different climates none of them were good for | growing crops |
| Meroe = | Metal |
| Meroe failed because of | Metal |
| Africa is about long distance | Trade |
| Nubia converts to | Coptic |
| Obelisks | Stone towers came from Egypt |
| Axum was introduced to | Christanity |
| Soil exhaustion and Islam bring down | Axumite |
| citadels | City center |
| Griots | Early historians |
| Transshipment point | two different ways to ship |
| Bantu is all about | Diffusion |
| Bantu were slow and gradual in changing | changing |
| Bananas came from Indonesia to | Africa |
| Bantu had and was based on | No queens or kings, kinship and lineage |
| Bantu are | spritual |
| universal religion includes | Christianity and Buddhism |
| Meso America is between | Mexico and the tip of South America |
| Yucatan is were the Maya's | Mostly were |
| Three sisters | Maize, beans, squash |
| Hieroglyphic writing wasn't just in | Egypt |
| Gupta and Maya = | zero as a place holder |
| Teotihuacan | dont know its goverment |
| Andes need to | Terrace |
| Moche was governed by | Warrior-Priest |
| Civilizations started on | a body of water mostly rivers |
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