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LCC nursing
jami notes on unit 5 test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| purposes of client education | maintenance and promotion of health and illness prevention, restoration of health, coping with impaired functioning. |
| teaching is | interactive process that promotes the learner to engage in activities that lead to a desired change |
| learning is | acquisition of new knowledge or skills through reinforced practice and experience |
| ultimate outcomes of education | attaining realistic health status, empower client toward active participation, achieve optimal rehab levels |
| domains of learning | cognitive, affective, psychomotor |
| cognitive learning is | what Pt actually knows and understands |
| affective learning is | Pt feelings and attitudes, opinions and values |
| psychomotor learning is | hands on learning, repeating what they learned |
| basic principles of learning | motivation to learn, ability to learn, learning environment, resourses for learning, cultural considerations, Pt expectations |
| motivation to learn deals with | attentional set, motivation, health beliefs, readiness to learn |
| ability to learn deals with | developmental capability, age group, physical capability |
| assess what in reguards to learning | learning needs, motivation to learn, ability to learn |
| stages of illness, loss, grief | denial, anger, bargaining, resolution, acceptance |
| planning teaching and learning involves | setting priorities, timing, organizing teaching material |
| what are the different teaching approaches | telling, selling, participation, entrusting, reinforcing, incorporating teaching with nursing care. |
| implementation-instructional methods of teaching | one on one discussion, group, preparatory instruction, demonstration, analogies, role playing, discovery, maintain attention and participation |
| other points to remember when teaching are | illiteracy, speak Pt language, cultural variables, special needs of children and adults |
| role of the nurse in teaching in the Pt cate setting | answer ?, nurse must find out what the Pt needs to know and find out time when Pt is ready to learn, a nurse clarifies info given to the family by the Dr and other resources |
| people at rest feel | relaxed free from anxiety, physically calm |
| sleep is | an altered state of consciousness that occurs for sustained periods of time |
| rest does not imply what | inactivity |
| circadian rythm is | 24 hour day and noc cycle |
| biological clock is | internal clock that everyone has |
| RAS | reticular activating system |
| BRS | bulbar synchronizing region |
| what makes you become sleepy | BRS |
| what causes a person to be wakeful | RAS |
| what are the stages of sleep | REM and NREM |
| what are the cycles of sleep | stages 1 thru 4 and REM |
| purpose of sleep is to | decrease heart rate, release hormones |
| dreams are | functionally important to the consolidation of long term memory and emotional healing. they also sort out immediate concerns |
| sleep requirements and patterns Neonates | 16 hours |
| infant | 9-11 hours |
| toddler | 12 hours |
| preschooler | 12 hours |
| school age | 9-12 hours |
| adolescents | 7 1/2 hours |
| adult | 6-8 1/2 hours |
| older adult | sleeping difficulties |
| what are fators that affect sleep | physical illness, drugs and substances, lifestyle, usual sleep patterns, eds, emotional stress, sound, exercise and fatige, food and caloric intake |
| sleep apnea | unable to sleep and breath at the same time |
| insomnia | chronic difficulty falling asleep |
| narcolepsy | cns disfunction that regulates sleep and wake cycles |
| sleep deprivations | result from sleep disorder |
| parasomnias | produce abnormal sleep movements, behaviors, emotions |
| advanced sleep syndrome | no matter what time you go to sleep you always wake up at the same time |
| barbiturates | habit forming and deprive you of REM sleep, depresses CNS, raise seizure threshold, produce unwanted s/e, overdose can cause respiratory depression, also interact with alcohol and CNS drugs |
| benzodiazepines | antianxiety and alochol withdrawl drug, depress CNS and calm CNS, dont surpress REM sleep as much, s/e hypnotic or seditive-mild h/a, dizziness, interact with CNS drugs and alcohol |
| nutrition is | a balance between intake of adequate nutrients, digestion and utilization of nutrients, elimination of byproducts |
| prinicples of nutrition | food provides the energy that the body needs for all functions. the GI system has specific functions for digestion and absorption. nutrients are transported through the blood to organs for metabolic processes to occur. |
| carbs | sources of energy, sugars and starches |
| protiens | tissue growth, maintenance and repair, amino acids |
| lipids | saturated fatty acid-increase blood cholesteral. unsaturated-minimal. polyunsaturated-lower cholesteral |
| vitamins | water soluable and fat soluable |
| water soluable vit. | B6 and Vit C - iron absorption |
| fat soluable vit | A, D, E, K, |
| minerals | inorganic elements |
| water | cells depend on a fluid environment |
| digestion | begins in the mouth and ends in the small intestine and the large intestine |
| absorption | occurs in the intestines |
| metabolism | nutrients are transported through the circulatory system |
| intracellular | all fluid within body's cells 40% |
| extracellular | all fluid outside of a cell 20% |
| interstitial fluid | fluid between cells and outside of the blood vessels |
| intravascular fluid | blood plasma |
| intracellular fluid contains | K+, phosphate, magnesium |
| extracellular fluid contains | sodium, chloride, calcium, bicarb |
| solvents | fluid |
| solutes | particles, gas, substance |
| water | 60% of body wt |
| electrolyte | mineral salt |
| nonelectrolyte | substance that doesnt carry electrical charge and that dont ionize-glucose and protiens |
| diffusion | solute in a solution that moves from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. the process by which particles spread in all directions through a solution. |
| osmosis | movement of h20 across a semipermiable membrane from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration |
| active transport | against osmotic pressure and requires ATP, moves uphill |
| filtration | moves with osmotic pressure |
| filtration involves | hydrostatic pressure |
| filtration arterial end of capillary | hydrostatic pressure greater than colloid osmotic pressure. fluids/ diffuable solutes move out of capillary into interstital spaces |
| filtration venous end | colloid osmotic pressure greater than hydrostatic pressure. oncotic pull greater than hydrostatic pressure=movement of h20 into capillary from interstital space |
| isotonic | has the same osmolality as plasma 0.9% NaCl=NS |
| hypotonic | less solutes more solvents, solution of lower osmotic pressure |
| hypertonic | kess solvent more solutes, solution of more somotic pressure |
| regualtion of body fluids: homeostasis | fluid intake, hormonal regualation, fluid output regulation |
| fluid intake regulation is controlled by | osmoreceptors and hypothalmus |
| hormonal regulation is controlled by | ADH, aldosterone, renin |
| ADH | secretion stimulated by increased osmoality of blood. decreases production of urine by increasing reabsorption of h20 by renal tubules. leads to decreased urine output |
| aldosterone | stimulates kidneys to excrete K+ and reabsorb Na+ |
| renin | enzyme secreted by the kidney in response to low fluid volume in blood or low BP. produces angiotensin 1 to become angiotension 2 which causes massive vasoconstriction that increases BP-then stimulates the release of aldosterone. |
| fluid output regulation is conrolled by | insensible water loss and sensible water loss |
| Na+ normal range | 135-145 mEq/L |
| K+ normal range | 3.5-5 mEq/L |
| CA+ normal range | 8.5-10.5 mg/dl |
| magnesium normal range | 1.5-2.5mEq/L |
| chloride normal range | 95-108 mEq/L |
| bicarb normal range | arterial 22-26 mEq/L and venous 24-30 mEq/L |
| phosphate normal serum levels | 2.5-4.5 mg/dl |
| EFC cation are | Na+, CA+, bicarb |
| IFC cation are | bicarb, magnesium, K+ |
| sodium function | intains H20 balance through effect on serum osmolality, nerve impulse transmission, regulation of acid-base balance. regulated by dietary intake and aldosterone |
| K+ function | regulates metabolic activities. Necessary for glycogen deposits in the liver & sceletal muscles, nerve transmission, normal cardiac rythms, skeletal & smooth muscle contraction. regulated by dietary intake and renal excretion |
| calcium is necessary for | blood clotting, hormone secretion, cell membrane integrity, cardiac conduction, transfer of nerve impulses, muscle contraction |
| magnesium necessary for | enzyme activities, neuro chemical activities, cardiac and skeletal muscle excitability. regulated by dietary intake, renal, PTH |
| main buffer in the body | bicarb |
| phosphorus phosphate function | helps regulate acid/base, maintain teeth and bones, neuromuscular action, carbohydrate metablosim. regulated by dietary, renal, intestional absorption and PTH |
| osmolar imbalances | hyperosmolar and hypoosmolar |
| hyperosmolar is | deydration |
| hypoosmolar is | water excess |
| isotonic disturbances | FVD and FVE |
| FVD | water and electrolytes lost in equal proportions |
| FVE | water and Na+ retained in isotonic proportions |
Created by:
jdannels
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