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Unit 2

Chem. Reactions Vocab. 8th Grade

TermDefinition
subscript A number written below and to the right of a chemical symbol that shows the number of atoms.
chemical formula A shorthand notation that uses chemical symbols and subscripts to represent the type and number of atoms in the smallest unit of the substance.
chemical reaction The process by which one or more substances get changed to produce one or more different substances.
chemical equation Chemical formulas and symbols written to represent an entire reaction.
coefficient A number placed in front of a chemical symbol or formula in order to balance the equation.
balanced chemical equation A symbolic representation of a chemical reaction in which both sides of the equation contain equal numbers of atoms of each element. The mass must be balanced on both sides.
reactants Substances that take part in and get changed by a chemical reaction
products Substances that are produced during a chemical reaction
Law of Conservation of Matter (Mass) The mass of all reactants must equal the mass of all products. Matter is neither created nor destroyed.
physical change affects size, shape, state of matter, or color of a substance, but does not turn it into a new substance
chemical change one or more substances are changed into entirely new substances because their atoms are rearranged
element a pure substance made entirely of one type of atom
atom the smallest unit of an element
molecule two or more atoms bonded together by valence electrons
compound a pure substance made of two or more types of atoms bonded together by valence electrons
exothermic describes a chemical reaction that produces heat energy
endothermic describes a chemical reaction that absorbs heat energy
carbon the one element that is found in all organic compounds (living things)
evidence indication that an event has occurred
substance an element or compound that can only be separated or combined to make new substances by means of a chemical reaction
precipitate a solid that is created by the reaction of two liquids
catalyst a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction
closed system a natural physical system that does not allow transfer of matter in or out of the system
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