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HillHistory1301
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Pueblo | Spanish term for the adobe cliff dwellings of the indigenous people of the southwestern united states |
| Aztec | Mesoamerican people who were conquered by the Spanish under Hernando Cortez |
| epidemic | widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in an area at a particular time |
| conquistador | Spanish term for "conqueror" applied to European leaders of campaigns against indigenous peoples in central and southern america |
| Christopher Colombus | Italian sailor who persuaded King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain to fund his expedition across the Atlantic to discover a new trade route to Asia |
| Roanoke | Island discovered by Sir Walter Raleigh, colonized and then mysteriously abandoned |
| Puritans | English religions group that sought to purify the Church of England; founded the Massachusetts Bay Colony under John Winthrop in 1630 |
| John Winthrop | Puritan leader and governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony who resolved to use the colony as a refuge for persecuted Puritans and as an instrument of building a "wilderness zion" in America |
| Roger Williams | Puritan who believed that the purity of the church required a complete separation between church and state and freedom from coercion in matters of faith. In 1636 he established the town of Providence, the first settlement allowing religious freedom |
| Anne Hutchinson | The articulate, strong-willed, and intelligent wife of a prominent Boston merchant, who espoused her belief in direct divine revelation. She quarreled with puritan leaders over her beliefs and they banished her from the colony |
| King Philip/Metacomet | The chief of the Wampanoages, who the colonists called King Philip. He resented English efforts to convert Indians to Christianity and waged a war against the English colonists in which he was killed |
| Virginia Company | A joint stock enterprise that King James I chartered in 1606. The company was to spread Christianity in the New World as well as find ways to make a profit in it |
| Indentured Servants | Settler who signed on for a temporary period of servitude to a master in exchange for passage to the New World; VA and PA were largely peopled in the 17th and 18th centuries by English indentured servants |
| Bacon's Rebellion | Unsuccessful 1676 revolt led by planter Nathaniel Bacon against VA governor William Berkeley's administration, because it failed to protect settlers from Indian raids |
| Proprietary Colonies | a colony owned by an individual, rather than a joint-stock company |
| triangular trade | means by which exports to one country or colony provided the means for imports from another country or colony |
| staple crops/cash crops | a profitable market crop such as cotton or tobacco |
| enlightenment | revolution in thought begun in the 17th century that emphasized reason and science over the authority of traditional religion |
| great awakening | Fervent religious revival movement of the 1720s through the 1740s that was spread throughout the colonies by ministers like New England Congregationalist Jonathan Edwards and English revivalist George Whitefield |
| British mercantile system | a nationalistic program that assumed the total amount of the world's gold and silver remained essentially fixed with only a nation's share of that wealth subject to change |
| navigation acts | Passed by the English parliament to control colonial trade and to bolster the mercantile system, 1650-1775; enforcement lead to growing resentment by colonists |
| french and indian war | Known in Europe as the Seven Year's war, the last (1755-1763) of four colonial wars fought between england and france for control of North America east of the Mississippi river |
| pontiac's rebellion | The peace treaty of 1763 gave the british all french land east of the Mississippi river. this area included the territory of France's Indian allies who were not consulted about the transfer of lands to british control. |
| sons of liberty | Organized by samuel adams, they were colonialists with a militant view against the British government's control of the colonies |
| stamp act congress | 27 delegates from 9 colonies met from oct. 7-25 1765 and wrote a Declaration of the Rights and Grievances of the Colonies, a petition to the King and a petition to parliament to repeal the Stamp act |
| tories/ loyalists | Term used by patriots to refer to loyalists, or colonists who supported the crown after the declaration of independence |
| continental army | army authorized by the continental congress, 1775-1784, to fight the british; commanded by George Washington |
| battle of saratoga | Major defeat of British general John Burgoyne and more than 5000 british troops at Saratoga, NY on oct 17 1777 |
| surrender at Yorktown | last battle of the Revolutionary War, General Lord Charles Cornwallis along with over 7000 British troops surrendered at Yorktown, virginia, on oct 17. 1781 |
| John and Abigail Adams | Signer of the declaration of independence and delegate to the first and second continental congress, passed alien and sedition acts / wife whose correspondence painted a detailed portrait of life during rev. war |
| Northwest Ordinance | Created the Northwest Territory (area north of the Ohio river and west of PA) established conditions of self-government and statehood, included a bill of rights, and permanently prohibited slavery |
| Shays' Rebellion | MA farmer Daniel Shays and 1200 compatriots seeking debt relief through issuance of paper currency and lower taxes, stormed the federal arsenal at Springfield in the winter of 1787 but were quickly repulsed |
| Separation of Powers | the powers of government are split between three different branches who check and balance each other |
| James Madison | Participated in the Constitutional Convention, proposed the Virginia plan, believed in a strong federal government and was a leader of the federalists and a contributor to the federalist papers, started war of 1812 |
| Bank of the United States | Proposed by the first secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton, opened in 1791 and operated until 1811 to issue a uniform currency, make business loans, collect taxes |
| Whiskey Rebellion | violent protest by western PA farmers against federal excise tax on corn whiskey |
| Sedition act | Passed during the undeclared war with France that limited the freedoms of speech and the press and restricted the liberty of noncitizens |
| Tecumseh | Leader of the Shawnee tribe, tried to unite all Indians into a confederation that could defend hunting grounds. believed no land cessions could be made without the consent of all the tribes since they held the land in common. killed at battle of thames |
Created by:
Curtlyn
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