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CAPT Review
Developmental Disabilities
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The client has a gastrostomy tube in place. Which of the following interventions by the Psychiatric Technician would be most appropriate for this client? Hint: Routine care of the G tube client includes attention to oral hygiene. | Assist the client to rinse his mouth q shift and prn. |
| The 14 year-old client with Prader-Willi Syndrome had been placed under the care of the Psychiatric Technician. Which of the following dietary considerations are essential for this client? | Caloric intake should be restricted to about 1300 calories per day. |
| The Psychiatric Technician has been asked to help students at the cerebral palsy school to understand how to use the food pyramid. According to the food pyramid, how many servings of fruit a day should be eaten? | 2-4 |
| A client falls with a dish that breaks and lacerates his hand. There is a considerable amount of bleeding from the wound. Which of the following would be the most appropriate action for the Psychiatric Technician to take first? | Put on gloves and apply pressure directly over the wound. |
| The PT is 1st to respond to the collapse of the roof in the cafeteria. Which of the following is the first action that should be taken by the PT when surveying the scene? Hint: A quick response is necessary, 1st priority is safety of the caregivers. | Determine if the room is safe to enter. |
| Which of the following statements would show the Psychiatric Technician's understanding of normalization? Hint: Which response respects autonomy? | "I can understand you are frustrated with not being able to start the computer." |
| Which of the following adult living arrangements would be most normal? Hint: Adult living arrangement. | A group home where clients carried their own keys. |
| Which type of transportation would promote inclusion for a person with moderate retardation with a history of seizures? Hint: Autonomy is the issue. | Bus service |
| Which statement reflects the Psychiatric Technician's awareness of normalization principles? Hint: Autonomy | "She comprehends a few signs, so sign as she attempts the task." |
| Which of the following interventions is the least restrictive? | Changing the environment |
| A client continually puts her hand in her mouth. Assessment show this behavior is maintained by sensory needs. The best behavioral intervention would be: Hint: Functional equivalents have to be in the category. | Providing tactile stimulation by giving desirable objects to touch. |
| A client hurriedly cleans the table after breakfast, without the usual prompting, so she can attend her favorite event. This illustrates the principle that Hint: Behavior is governed by the desire to terminate unpleasant states and seek pleasant ones. | Behavior is governed by a desire to terminate unpleasant states and to seek pleasurable ones. |
| A client throws her workshop materials on the floor when the instructor is helping others, motivated by the need for attention. The best intervention and rationale would be Hint: Attention from others is an ingredient of self esteem. | Praise the client for working independently prior to and after assisting others. Attention from others is an important part in development of self esteem. |
| Ritalin treatment for hyperactivity is best complemented by a setting that includes Hint: Hyperactivity is reduced with routine and firm limits. Ritalin is best used in combination with these strategies. | Rules and consequences are clearly communicated, the environment is quiet and predictable, there is a schedule covering all awake time. |
| A client has been independently purchasing items that he chooses from a “store” at his residence. The next training step is to make a purchase at a neighborhood store. The best implementation is to | Plan to accompany the client, assist to find his favorite items, prompt if necessary when he pays for the item. |
| Interventions to ensure a positive independent living experience for a disabled adult would include Hint: A move to independent living requires maintaining relationships and developing access to others. | Assist the client to prepare a book that includes pictures, phone numbers, and addresses of friends. Assist the client to sign up for bowling classes in her community. |
| A job training program is set up to provide frequent opportunities for positive reinforcement and small training steps to reduce errors. This method is supported by the principle that | Students who experience failure frequently tend to resist instruction, but can improve if they experience frequent success. |
| An adult client is learning to use resources in his neighborhood. He uses a power wheelchair, a communication board, and has good safety skills. A reasonable long term goal and rationale would be | Will independently use public, disabled access bus to attend craft classes at community center. His abilities match the skills required. |
| Data collection on the job skills of a 53 y/o man with Down syndrome has shown a decline in his abilities in the past year. The best response to this information is | Discuss with the interdisciplinary team and the physician the possibility of Alzheimer’s Disease and the need for thyroid testing. |
| The highest level of independence that can be expected for people with Down Syndrome Hint: An adult with Down Syndrome can be independent in areas of transportation, household chores. Assistance will be needed with employment. | Complete independence in transportation and living areas. Some support needed to maintain employment and during times of crisis. |
| Important factors to consider when planning interventions and living environment for a person with Prader Willi Syndrome would include | They have a lack of control of appetite and an incurable failure to experience satiation requiring a restrictive environment. |
| Diet planning for a person with Prader-Willi Syndrome would include Hint: Calories at about 60% of normal are needed to prevent additional weight gain because a gain can occur even with calories restricted to normal. | 1200-1500 calories per day because weight gain can occur at normal rates of calorie intake |
| An ambulatory 14 y/o with tuberous sclerosis has frequent seizures and communication problems. Leisure training should include Hint: The child should be associating with peers; seizures can be dangerous if they occur in an unprotected environment. | Teaching bowling skills to allow her to attend a community teen bowling night with a preferred staff. |
| An appropriate training goal for a 19 y/o woman diagnosed with PKU would be Hint: recommended that females with PKU stay on a low phenylalanine diet | Will identify foods low in phenylalanine, and eat these foods exclusively. |
| The behavioral response of "getting up" when an alarm clock rings is: Hint: Operant behaviors are learned behaviors | an operant behavior |
| The best rationale for using prompts such as verbal direction and hand over hand guidance during feeding training is: Hint: Least restrictive is most independent. | The prompts provide rehearsal and demonstration of the task. |
| The clients were very resistant to a change in training. The undesired behavior increased initially. This increase in undesired behavior is an example of: | response hierarchy |
| The first step in a plan to teach a person having severe retardation to put on pants with would be: Hint: Persons with severe and profound levels of retardation learn best using backward chaining | how to pull pants up from hips. |
| The first step in teaching a female developmentally disabled client how to put on her blouse using backward chaining would be: Hint: Start with the last step first in backward chaining. | Tucking in her blouse. |
| The first step of behavioral assessment is to do which of the following? Hint: Target is the behavior to be measured. | Specify behavior so there is little question of its occurrence. |
| The following is appropriate when feeding a person with asymmetrical tonic neck reflex. | position the client's head as close to midline as possible. |
| The greatest concern about a client with a history of tonic-clinic seizures and constipation is that constipation may: | lower the seizure threshold. |
| The hand over hand instruction is an example of: Hint: Prompts cue behavior. | prompt |
| The intervention the Psychiatric Technician would not use will attending to a client having a seizure would be? Hint: Strong contaction of muscles occur during a seizure. | Put an object, such as a spoon, between the teeth. |
| The most appropriate holiday activity for clients 14-years- old and older would be to: Hint: Age appropriate activities meet normalization guidelines. | Barbecue hot dogs on the 4th of July. |
| The most appropriate site to teach a client restaurant eating skills would be a: Hint: Real life training experiences are important. | Restaurant. |
| The most important consideration in developing a treatment plan for a child with cerebral palsy would be… Hint: All children with Cerebral Palsy have problems with movement and posture. | Movement and Postures problems. |
| The most restrictive prompt used by the Psychiatric Technician during feeding training is: Hint: Move towards least restrictive. | hand over hand assistance. |
| The most restrictive type of prompt is: Hint: Least restrictive is most independent. | Physical. |
| The normalization movement for the developmentally disabled is built upon the philosophy that: Hint: In the 1950's the concept was put forth that "letting the mentally retarded obtain an existance as close to normal as possible." | All handicapped persons are entitled to life in an environment as culturally normal as can be managed. |
| The only time to stop rewarding a behavior is when….. Hint: Behavior is a function of its consequences. | you want the client to stop the behavior. |
| The PT observes a client masturbating in the living room. The best response is: Hint: When a client masterbates direct them to a private space. | "Please go to your room." |
| The PT observed during training sessions, he accidentally reinforced hand raising, along with teaching the target behavior. The hand raising behavior is an example of: Hint: Any behavior ACCIDENTALLY reinforced is a superstious behavior | superstitious behavior |
| The Psychiatric Technician held up a can of soda when the client stopped working and said, “When you pick up another scrap of litter and put it in the bag, I’ll give you a sip of this soda.” The statement about the soda in this situation is a(n): | prompt. |
| The Psychiatric Technician is aware that damage to this area of the brain is related to ataxic cerebral palsy. Hint: The cerebellum is responsible for the control of the skeletal muscles and involved in the voluntary muscle movements. | the cerebral motor strip |
| The Psychiatric Technician is helping a person with a hearing loss. Which approach should the Psychiatric Technician take when communicating with this person? Hint: Maintain dignity and normalization. | Speak to the person face-to-face. |
| The Psychiatric Technician demonstrates to a client how to put on a pair of socks by putting the sock on herself while the client follows the example. This is called… | Modeling. |
| The Psychiatric Technician reinforces a client exactly every ten minutes when the client is cleaning his room. This type of intermittent reinforcement is referred to as: | Fixed-interval. |
| The Psychiatric Technician saying, “Good eating.” as a person completes a meal is a(n): | secondary reward. |
| When the undesirable behavior is almost eliminated, it is said to be placed in: Hint: The removal of reinforcement tends to extinguish a behavior | extinction |
| A client is able to work at a table with others for an average of 5 minutes before slamming her chair on the floor. Chair slamming has been reduced by removing her from the table and offering her other job choices. A better intervention would be to: | Teach the client to indicate a need for change, such as signing or saying, "I need a break/change." |
| Which action by the client would indicate directionality? | responding to the request, “come to the front of the room.” |
| Which activity would show the Psychiatric Technician understands the principles of normalization? Hint: The "means" and "context" of activities are given special attention in normalization functions. | Letting a client call a pizza delivery place, order and pay for a pizza delivered to his residence. |
| By which age would a developmental disability have to originate such that a client would receive services provided by the Lanterman Developmental Disabilities Services Act ? Hint: Services apply to the developmental period described in the law. | 18 |
| Which chart entry would demonstrate the Psychiatric Technician's understanding of bladder training? Hint: Awareness of bladder fullness is necessary in toilet training. | "Client given opportunity to void every 90 minutes to 11/2 hours." |
| Which description would be most accurate if a measured I.Q. was 82? Hint: IQ is a comparison of mental age to calendar age. | This person is behaving in a manner that would be characteristic of someone younger than this person's calendar age. |
| Which entry indicates the staff members understanding of baseline data gathered during a 15 minute observation period? The target behavior was “ the client is to fold 40 towels independently during an hour training period.” | “Client folded 4 towels in fifteen minutes.” |
| Which of the following actions by the Psychiatric Technician would demonstrate an active effort at primary prevention of birth defects? Hint: Primary prevention is generalized health promotion and protection from disease. | Talking to a group of teenagers describing the potential risks of drinking alcohol when pregnancy. |
| Which of the following behaviors would be the easiest to change through the technique of extinction? Hint: Intrinsic reward patterns are difficult to change. | Grabbing staff's arm for attention. |
| Which of the following entries the chart indicate that the staff member understands “permanent products methods” of data recording. Hint: Review recording styles. | “Client folded 21 towels by the end of the one hour training period”. |
| Which of the following factors frequently makes life meaningless for the elderly person? Hint: Affiliation is health promoting. | Feelings of loneliness. |
| Which of the following is an example of a gestural prompt? Hint: Prompts encourage behavior. | Pointing to the dirty dishes in the sink to cue the client to wash them. |
| Which of the following is an example of the Premack Principle? Hint: Behavior that occurs often can reward less often occurring behavior. | Kevin would rather play his compact discs than set the table for dinner. The rule is he can't listen to his compact discs until after he sets the table for dinner. |
| Which of the following is important during toilet training? Hint: Reward desirable behaviors. | Reinforcement for being clean and dry for segments of time throughout the day. |
| Which of the following is not a general characteristics of autistic children? Hint: Autistic children do not stay close to their caregivers. | Strong maternal attachment. |
| Which of the following recreational activities would promote socialization? Hint: Social Inclusion is a critical goal. | Playing volleyball. |
| Which of the following types of patients would have good oral control when feeding? | The patient with sucking ability. |
| Which of the following will be used to determine progress in a behavioral plan? Hint: Comparing before and after frequencies are important | Baseline |
| Which of the following would be the best approach in teaching the retarded child the effect of sexuality and socialization? Hint: Normalization of client. | Teach the children that they are allowed to have sexual feelings but the behaviors they use to express the feelings are subject to social sanctions. |
| Which of the following would provide the best tactile stimulation? Hint: Define tactile. | Potting plants. |
| Which phrase defines “desensitization”? | gradual counter conditioning replacing anxiety with relaxation. |
| Which procedure below was used when a client purposely threw milk on the floor at lunch and was required to clean the immediate spill and then clean the whole lunch area floor? | Over correction |
| Which schedule of reinforcement is appropriate when teaching a new task? Hint: A reward given after every correct response. | Continuous |
| Which shift would maximize the success of collecting a positive specimen from the client's anal area with sticky tape to determine if a client with pica had pinworms? | A.M. |
| Which of the following is the most appropriate action to be taken by the Psychiatric Technician immediately after administering a NG tube feeding? | Flush the tube with 30 ml tap water. |
| Which of the following toys should the Psychiatric Technician choose for a 5 year-old child who does not have a developmental disability? Hint: Play is a source of learning and support for a child. Review age appropriate toys. | Puzzles and blocks. |
| The 8 year-old client is using denial as a coping mechanism. The Psychiatric Technician knows that the use of denial in children is which of the following? Hint: Review coping mechanisms used by children. | Common. |
| The Psychiatric Technician shows the 10 year-old client how to handle confrontation on the schoolyard. This technique is known as which of the following? | Modeling. |
| The Psychiatric Technician is working with an autistic 6 year-old client. Which of the following actions will help this client develop more effective communication? Hint: Look for every opportunity to engage in communication with the client. | Talk with the client often about the daily schedule of events. |
| The Psychiatric Technician is working with an 8 year-old autistic client and wants the client to eventually initiate their interactions. Which of the following actions will best help the Psychiatric Technician to achieve his goal? | Schedule an uninterrupted visit at the same time each day. |
| The 3 year-old client is rocking in place and is fascinated by the ceiling fan. He seems disconnected from his parents. This child most likely has which of the following disorders? | Autism |
| The autistic child has been found to have which of the following? Hint: Language and logical reasoning difficulties arose from impairment of this portion of the brain. | Left cerebral hemisphere impairment. |
| Many autistic children excel in which of the following areas? Hint: Social interactions and verbal skills are impaired in the autistic child. | Mathematical skills. |
| Which of the following behaviors are most likely to be seen in the autistic child? Hint: Autistic lack fear of dangerous situations and are prone to anxiety. | Attempting to touch rotating fan blades. |
| The Psychiatric Technician is helping the autistic child to deal with incidents that provoke anxiety. Which of the following actions should the Psychiatric Technician consistently take to achieve this goal? | Stay with the client when the routine is changed. |
| Which of the following questions would the Psychiatric Technician use to test the abstract thinking of the client? Hint: Abstract thinking is the ability to generalize and categorize things. | How are a train and a boat alike? |
| What is being tested when the Psychiatric Technician asks a child with cerebral palsy, “What would you do if you spilled water on the floor?” Hint: Review components of mental status and the assessment of these. | Judgment |
| The Psychiatric Technician is teaching an adolescent who is developmentally disabled how to decide which clothes to wear each day. Which of the following should the client be specically taught to do? | Carry an umbrella if there is a chance of rain. |
| The Psychiatric Technician is teaching an adolescent who is developmentally disabled how to decide which clothes to wear each day. Which of the following should the client be specifically taught to do? | Do not wear sandals if the temperature is below 65 degrees. |
| The Psychiatric Technician is teaching the developmentally disabled child to dress herself. Which of the following will help this child learn this skill? Hint: Alterations or adaptations may be needed to allow the client to complete the task. | Modify the clothes to include Velcro closures. |
| The parents report that their infant has been diagnosed with “Cri du chat” and need information about the disorder. Which of the following statements is correct about this disorder? | It is a chromosomal abnormality. |
| Which of the following is true about Down’s syndrome? | It is the most common cause of mental retardation. |
| The Psychiatric Technician is to assist the developmentally disabled adult understand sexuality. Which of the following would be the most important concept for the client to understand? | They don’t have to accept unwanted sexual advances. |
| The Psychiatric Technician is planning therapeutic recreation in an integrated setting for a group of developmentally disabled teenagers. Which of the following would be a good choice of activities for this group? | Attending a movie at the local public theater. |
| The Psychiatric Technician is giving instructions to a 12 year-old developmentally disabled client. Which of the following instructions will be most likely to produce the desired effect? Hint: Statements should clearly state the desired behavior. | “Color the flower blue.” |
| The mother has been taught to use the technique of “shaping” to help her son develop better study habits. Which of the following would this mother do? Hint: Shaping occurs when the desired behavior is gradually assumed. | Praise her son for spending 30 minutes studying today when he spent 20 minutes studying yesterday. |
| The Psychiatric Technician has been asked to offer suggestions to a teacher on how to reduce the social isolation of a developmentally disabled student. Which of the following suggestions would be best? | Students work in groups of 3 on a single report. |
| The 8 year-old client with Fragile X is to mainstreamed in a 3rd grade public school class. The reason for this is which of the following? | It will reduce the social isolation of the client. |
| The Psychiatric Technician is testing the abstract thinking of an adolescent who has Down’s syndrome. Which of the following questions should be asked? Hint: Abstract thinking occurs when something is placed in a category or a generalization is made. | How are a cookie and a cupcake alike? |
| A 17 year-old boy brings home the family car fully gassed, washed and waxed. The father rewards him with a trip to the movies. This is an example of which of the following? | Positive conditioning |
| To decrease dependency on a primary reinforcer, the Psychiatric Technician's most effective initial intervention would be... | To pair a secondary reinforcer with the effective primary reinforcer. |
| A client has achieved the target goal of his training. The Psychiatric Technician should now reinforce the target behavior.... Hint: When should schedule changes occur? | Intermittently, to develop a tolerance for periods of non-reinforcement and strengthen the behavior. |
| A consumer is making progress towards her target behavior of placing spoons in a bag for workshop. However, several times during her work session she will push the work away and scream. The best intervention is to... | Reinforce the target behavior and ignore the maladaptive behavior. |
| Communication with a client being taken to time out... Hint: Recall what can be reinforcing. | Should be limited to a brief restatement of the offense. |
| A plan to include time out as part of a training plan for a client with severe retardation should include.. Hint: Consistency and short application of punishment works better with the serverely retarded. | A time out of 1-5 minutes. |
| You are observing a consumer who has been placed in timeout. As the time out ends, the consumer begins to behave disruptively. Your best intervention is to... Hint: Be careful of rewarding tantrums. | Wait until the first quiet moment, then remove the consumer from time out. |
| Which of the following statements would show the Psychiatric Technician's understanding of normalization? Hint: Supporting effort and feelings is important | “I can understand you are frustrated with not being able to start the computer.” |
| Which of the following adult living arrangements would be most normal? Hint: Normalcy is least restrictive | A group home where clients carried their own keys. |
| Which type of transportation would promote inclusion for a person with moderate retardation with a history of seizures? Hint: Social inclusion and least restrictive. | Bus service |
| Which statement reflects the Psychiatric Technician’s awareness of normalization principles? Hint: Promote abilities. | "She can’t understand what you are trying to get her to do.” |
| Your client has paralysis of both legs and uses a wheelchair. Which recommendation would demonstrate understanding of normalization? Hint: Promote abilities | “Let’s set up an account at the gym so you can strengthen your arms.” |
| When planning daily activities for clients with severe mental retardation, the best principle for the Psychiatric Technician to follow is: Hint: Promote abilities. | b. utilizing the client’s personal behaviors and characteristics, integrate him/her into routine community activities, emphasizing work opportunities. |
| After assessing an adult client as lacking fine motor skill, the Psychiatric Technician develops a training program…. Hint: Include normal tasks for age. | to teach him to fasten his Velcro-fastener shoes to allow for a functionally relevant adult experience. |
| When it becomes necessary to limit a client’s expression of a right… Hint: Least restrictive. | the least possible restrictions necessary to keep the person safe and promote personal freedom are applied. |
| A child with diagnosis of Lesch-Nayan Syndrom was mainstreamed into a 3rd grade classroom. The child’ behavior is disruptive and the teacher wants the child removed from the class. The Psychiatric Technician should... | develop a plan to deal with the child’s disruptive behavior. |
| Which of the following leisure choices would be most appropriate for a 22 year-old client with a diagnosis of PKU that has a mental age of 10 months and minimal motor control? Hint: What is age appropriate? | A radio with an adaptive switch |
| What would be the best educational goal for a 16 year old with moderate mental retardation attending a public high school and has a diagnosis of Fragile X? Hint: Vocational skills are important educational goals for adolescents. | “Will learn computer keyboarding” |
| The American Association of Mental Retardation believes the outcome of habilitation plans ultimately should Hint: Habilitative programs are to include and normalize focusing on abilities | Maximize abilities |
| The Psychiatric Technician is assisting a 16 year old consumer with a program to crush aluminum cans with a can crusher. Which of the following is most likely to assure success? | Making sure that cans are always available for crushing. |
| The Interdisciplinary Team is seeking assessment information on a 7 months old child. Which area would yield the most information about the child? Hint: Developmental milestones are important. | Developmental maturity |
| Which of the following would normalize the treatment plan? Hint: Inclusion is an important normalization principle. | The client is made responsible for as much of the plan as possible. |
| Which of the following activities would typically be provided for a 1 year old with mild mental retardation? Hint: What is Piaget's first developmental stage? | Sensori-motor activities |
| The consumer has successfully completed objectives to fill out a shopping list for groceries. The next step is training to learn how to select and purchase groceries. The training should take place Hint: Inclusion is an important normalization goal. | at a supermarket in the community. |
| The client has a gastrostomy tube in place. Which of the following interventions by the Psychiatric Technician would be most appropriate for this client? Hint: Routine care of the G tube client includes attention to oral hygiene. | Assist the client to rinse his mouth q shift and prn. |
| The 14 year-old client with Prader-Willi Syndrome had been placed under the care of the Psychiatric Technician. Which of the following dietary considerations are essential for this client? | Caloric intake should be restricted to about 1300 calories per day. |
| The Psychiatric Technician has been asked to help students at the cerebral palsy school to understand how to use the food pyramid. According to the food pyramid, how many servings of fruit a day should be eaten? | 2-4 |
| A client falls with a dish that breaks and lacerates his hand. There is a considerable amount of bleeding from the wound. Which of the following would be the most appropriate action for the Psychiatric Technician to take first? | Put on gloves and apply pressure directly over the wound. |
| The Psychiatric Technician is the first to respond to the collapse of the roof in the cafeteria of the Developmental Center. Which of the following is the first action that should be taken by the Psychiatric Technician when surveying the scene? | Determine if the room is safe to enter. |
| Which of the following statements would show the Psychiatric Technician's understanding of normalization? Hint: Which response respects automony? | "I can understand you are frustrated with not being able to start the computer." |
| Which of the following adult living arrangements would be most normal? Hint: Adult living arrangement. | A group home where clients carried their own keys. |
| Which type of transportation would promote inclusion for a person with moderate retardation with a history of seizures? Hint: Autonomy is the issue. | Bus service |
| Which statement reflects the Psychiatric Technicianls awareness of normalization principles? Hint: Autonomy | "She compreshends a few signs, so sign as she attempts the task." |
| Which of the following interventions is the least restrictive? Hint: What is the least to most restrictive continuum? | Changing the environment |
| A client continually puts her hand in her mouth. Assessment show this behavior is maintained by sensory needs. The best behavioral intervention would be: Hint: Functional equivalents have to be in the category. | providing tactile stimulation by giving desirable objects to touch. |
| A client continually puts her hand in her mouth. Assessment show this behavior is maintained by sensory needs. The best behavioral intervention would be: Hint: Functional equivalents have to be in the category. | providing tactile stimulation by giving desirable objects to touch. |
| A client hurriedly cleans the table after breakfast, without the usual prompting, so she can attend her favorite event. This illustrates the principle that | Behavior is governed by a desire to terminate unpleasant states and to seek pleasurable ones. |
| A client throws her workshop materials on the floor when the instructor is helping others, motivated by the need for attention. The best intervention and rationale would be | Praise the client for working independently prior to and after assisting others. Attention from others is an important part in development of self esteem. |
| Ritalin treatment for hyperactivity is best complemented by a setting that includes Hint: Hyperactivity is reduced with routine and firm limits. Ritalin is best used in combination with these strategies. | Rules and consequences are clearly communicated, the environment is quiet and predictable, there is a schedule covering all awake time. |
| A client has been independently purchasing items that he chooses from a “store” at his residence. The next training step is to make a purchase at a neighborhood store. The best implementation is to | Plan to accompany the client, assist to find his favorite items, prompt if necessary when he pays for the item. |
| Interventions to ensure a positive independent living experience for a disabled adult would include | Assist the client to prepare a book that includes pictures, phone numbers, and addresses of friends. Assist the client to sign up for bowling classes in her community. |
| A job training program is set up to provide frequent opportunities for positive reinforcement and small training steps to reduce errors. This method is supported by the principle that | Students who experience failure frequently tend to resist instruction, but can improve if they experience frequent success. |
| An adult client is learning to use resources in his neighborhood. He uses a power wheelchair, a communication board, and has good safety skills. A reasonable long term goal and rationale would be | Will independently use public, disabled access bus to attend craft classes at community center. His abilities match the skills required. |
| Data collection on the job skills of a 53 y/o man with Down syndrome has shown a decline in his abilities in the past year. The best response to this information is | Discuss with the interdisciplinary team and the physician the possibility of Alzheimer’s Disease and the need for thyroid testing. |
| The highest level of independence that can be expected for people with Down Syndrome Hint: At levels of high ability, an adult with Down Syndrome can be independent in areas of transportation, household chores. Assistance needed with employment. | Complete independence in transportation and living areas. Some support needed to maintain employment and during times of crisis. |
| Important factors to consider when planning interventions and living environment for a person with Prader Willi Syndrome would include | They have a lack of control of appetite and an incurable failure to experience satiation requiring a restrictive environment. |
| Diet planning for a person with Prader-Willi Syndrome would include Hint: Calories at about 60% of normal are needed to prevent additional weight gain because a gain can occur even with calories restricted to normal | 1200-1500 calories per day because weight gain can occur at normal rates of calorie intake |
| An ambulatory 14 y/o with tuberous sclerosis has frequent seizures and communication problems. Leisure training should include Hint: At this DD level the child should be associating with peers; seizures can be dangerous if n unprotected environment. | Teaching bowling skills to allow her to attend a community teen bowling night with a preferred staff. |
| An appropriate training goal for a 19 y/o woman diagnosed with PKU would be Hint: recommended that females with PKU stay on a low phenylalanine diet | Will identify foods low in phenylalanine, and eat these foods exclusively. |
| Interventions for a child with congenital rubella usually would include Hint: rubella syndrome often results in deafness or an inability to process language. | communication skills training |
| Which of the following target statements is most appropriate for a person with congenital rubella? Hint: Language problems are a special risk..hearing loss or an incapacity to process language. | will indicate clothing of choice by pointing |
| When promoting prevention of lead poisoning, you would tell parents that adverse effects can result from Hint: Daily consumption of only a few chips can produce lead poisoning | eating only a few chips of lead containing paint over a prolonged period of time. |
| Interventions for a person who has just experienced an atonic seizure include Hint: The force of the fall can injure face and head, but there is quick return | Assessing for injury, returning to activity if uninjured. |
| The setting that most supports person-centered planning for a woman who wants her own room,local shopping, and access to quiet outdoors would be Hint: The service system tries to support preferences—honoring and enabling them. | a 3 bed home with private rooms, assistance to use public transportation to a mall, a large yard on a quiet street. |
| A client always slaps his face approx 1 hour after dental appointments. The best intervention would be Hint: Good medical care can reduce frequency of biological antecedents. | Ask the physician for a prn for pain and administer immediately upon return from the dentist. |
| Which of the following approaches best supports reduction of SIB? Hint: Significant reduction in SIB results when teaching an adaptive | A client receives praise for working on a wood sanding project and redirection for face slapping. |
| When developing objectives for stereotypic behavior it is important to know that Hint: Stereotypies interfere with opportunities for acquiring needed social and communication skills. | These behaviors interfere with acquiring social and communication skills and should be a priority for change. |
| When developing a behavior plan to reduce SIB, it is important to know that Hint: Good medical care and careful classroom structure to modify | Identifying and changing medical and environmental antecedents is often highly effective. |
| Interventions for rumination should be Hint: Rumination is often reinforced by sensory stimulation. | Focused on providing appropriate sensory experiences such as bulkier meals and oral stimulation. |
| Effective interventions for Pica focus on Hint: Treatment emphasized prevention. | prevention |
| Interventions for rumination should include Hint: Risk is increased for gum disease, tooth decay, bad breath, social isolation, serious health threats, choking and infection. | upright position for 10 minutes after meals to prevent aspiration. |
| Least restrictive mealtime interventions for rumination would include Hint: Oral stimulation is important. | Increased amount of chewier food |
| Treatment for pica determined to be maintained by escape would include Hint: If pica is maintained by escape, demands may be reduced as the individual is taught more appropriate means of avoiding them. | Providing an environment with decreased demands; teaching appropriate ways to avoid unwanted experiences. |
| Which of the following situations represents time-out for a person with typical autistic symptoms? Hint: The effectiveness of time-out is removal from an activity/place that is reinforcing. Autism is characterized by aloofness and uninterest n ppl. | Removal from a quiet area of the classroom to a seat next to the teacher. |
| Job success among mentally retarded adults is best supported by Hint: The most common reasons for job termination are related to such behaviors as lateness and irregular attendance. | Providing training on the use of an alarm clock and rewarding attendance. |
| In which of the following instances is natural reinforcement being used? Hint: When the task involves something that is inherently reinforcing (food), it is easier to teach. | A client washes her hands before lunch. |
| The first step in teaching a client who is unable to follow directions, has hemiplegic cerebral palsy, and is blind, to put on his shirt, would be Hint: Teaching any task depends on gaining and holding the attention of the learner. | Will look toward staff when name is called. |
| Which of the following objectives best supports a client who has mastered his job skills and now wants to obtain a job in the community? | Will set own alarm clock before bed; will identify correct ways to gain attention |
| Which of the following leisure activities will provide the most benefit to an adult with hemiplegic cerebral palsy? | Hiking over easy terrain using poles in each hand. |
| Which of the following activities is most appropriate to develop receipt and propulsion in an adult with severe mental retardation? Hint: With modification, even severely handicapped people can participate in age appropriate activities. | Participating in adaptive bowling. |
| An appropriate beginning objective for an adult who does not make eye contact or follow directions, would be Hint: Before teaching any task, the trainer must have the attention of the learner. | Will make eye contact with teacher for 3 seconds. |
| The first step in teaching an adult client with profound mental retardation to make a cheese sandwich would be to Hint: Backward chaining is used for those who cannot follow verbal directions. | Place slice of bread on top of lettuce. |
| The first readiness skill for toileting would be Hint: Prerequisites such as walking to commode, removing clothing, replacing clothing, are needed before toilet training begins. | removing and replacing clothing |
| Which of the following placement decisions indicate a person-centered outcome? Hint: Services should be built around the client’s wants. | No home has been yet found that provides all the client’s non-negotiable needs. Will continue to search. |
| Which of the following interventions would be most likely to support a person with severe spastic cerebral palsy? Hint: Severe C.P. requires use of prosthetic or assistive devices (speech and ambulation will be severely affected). | Apply bracing as ordered |
| A person with developmental disabilities has been hospitalized for tests. This person is encouraged to perform activities of daily living. The chief reason for this is to… Hint: Activities of Daily Living are important for self-sufficiency. | help maintain independence. |
| A Psychiatric Technician wants to increase auditory and tactile stimulation in her clients. The most appropriate equipment the Psychiatric Technician would use is: Hint: Touch and hearing. | Music and sand. |
| A sweetened cereal such as Cocoa Puffs would generally be considered a: Hint: Define reward types. | primary reward. |
| A common form of cerebral palsy includes stiff, awkward movements produced by increased tone and contracture of the muscles. This symptom is called? Hint: Spastic movement is stiff and awkward | spasticity |
| A syndrome characterized by the "floppy" infant who at about age two develops a voracious appetite and becomes very obese by age 6 is called: Hint: Prader Willi is a floppy infant who developes a voracious appetite which cannot be well controlled | Prader-Willi |
| According to Piaget during what stage of development is it common for the child to learn through physical contact, assume an object out of sight no longer exist and utilizes behaviors in relationship to objects? | sensorimotor |
| After the target behavior is determined, the next step is to: Hint: What is the counting the behaviors called? | count the number of times the behavior occurs without help. |
| An activity that stimulates the sense of balance through vestibular stimulation is? Hint: Define vestibular. | swinging. |
| An adult with mental retardation has the right to have sexual intercourse with another consenting adult: Hint: Cognitive competency. | only if she/he is able to give informed consent. |
| An age-appropriate activity for a 15-year-old male client would be: Hint: What are usual activities for a person of a given age? | Playing basketball. |
| An elderly woman with a developmental disabilities is having difficulty sleeping after a long day of walking at the mall. She has diagnosed arthritis in her knees. Which p.r.n. medication would help her to sleep best? | Advil |
| As the client becomes more successful with hand over hand prompting during feeding training the Psychiatric Technician should: Hint: Gradual reduction in help is desirable. | fade the hand over hand prompts to a touch on the hand. |
| Based on a mental age of 6 and a chronological age of 18, the I.Q. would be: Hint: Mental age divided by chronological age times 100 = I.Q. | 33 |
| Because of the reinforcement opportunity which follows, the best time to teach hand washing is….. Hint: Reward is contingent to behavior. | before meals. |
| Behavior change is best maintained by responding to behavior: Hint: Rewards maintain or increase behavior. | With positive reinforcement after the client is acting appropriately. |
| Bladder training should begin when the: Hint: Sphincter control is important in toilet training. | client can retain some urine for a period of time. |
| Breaking down a skill into small, teachable steps is referred to as: Hint: Behavior can be broken into smaller chain of sub-steps | Task analysis. |
| Congenital heart disease, deafness, cataracts or glaucoma, mental and motor retardation are characteristic of which of the following disorders? | Rubella. |
| The principle features of Congenital myxedema (hypothyroidism) can best be described as: Hint: Signs and symptoms of common health problems | dull, placid babies who sleep a lot. |
| Documenting the number of times a behavior occurs is called? Hint: A baseline is developed to determine a starting point for behavioral training | Baseline |
| During the daily care of a client with Downs Syndrome, it would be most important to encourage: Hint: Because of the high prevalence of peridontal disease daily cleaning teeth should begin early. | oral care including daily cleaning of teeth. |
| During the IPP meeting, the following people should be present: Hint: Review IPP requirements. | the person being considered in the IPP, an advocate of his/her choice, a social worker, and appropriate persons involved in his/her care. |
| Echolalia refers to: | imitation of sound. |
| From the list below, select the disorder in which retardation can be minimized by placing the infant on a diet with restricted phenylalanine. Hint: Enzyme deficiencies do not allow metabolism of the precursor. | Phenylketonuria |
| Getting a paycheck for the operation of the shrink-wrap machine is a… Hint: Review reward types. | general reward. |
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