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kidney obst

kidney, renal calculi, urinary obstruction, congential

QuestionAnswer
renal cortex consists of glomeruli, proximal and distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts separated by a delicate connective tissue interstitium and supplied by a vast vascular network. renal cortex
consists of the renal pyramids whose tips (papillae) protrude into the minor calyces. The medulla
contain the loops of Henle and the collecting ducts. The pyramids
consists of a tuft of capillaries across which the blood is filtered. A glomerulus
Substances penetrate or are excluded by the glomerulus filter on the basis of what two things? size and charge.
Where does ion exchange take place? tubules
__ agenesis is incompatible with life Bilateral
Type of agenesis associated with pulmonary hypoplasia and oligohydramnios. bilateral
Unilateral agenesis is more common and seen most frequently in ____. males
Unilatertal agenesis is associated with what two types of diseases? The remaining kidney may become hypertrophied and there may be association esophageal atresia or congenital heart disease.
common lesions arising from the cortex of the kidney and are of variable size. SIMPLE CYSTS
Type of cyst,they may be congenital or acquired and have no clinical significance except that, if large enough, they may be confused with a neoplastic mass. simple cysts
Type of cyst, This has an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. ADULT POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY -
How many individuals are affected by adult polycystic kidney? 1:500
Is adult polycystic kidney unilateral or bilateral bilateral
What age do people generall get help for polycystic kidney 30 - 40
Why do adults with polycystic kidney seek medical assistance? hematureia from hemorrhageinto the cysts.
Do individuals with polycystic kidney get over the disease no, they develop chronic renal failure
What two disorders is polycystic kidney associated wtih? benign hepatic cysts or saccular berry aneurysms of cerebral vasculature
may arise when there is an excessive amount of stone constituents present in the serum or the urine and a favorable environment for the precipitation of those constituents exists. Calculi
What percent of renal calculi contain calcium? 80
What does calcium mix with to form a stone? oxalate, phosphate, or hydroxyapatite
Large stones tend to remain where in the kidney pelvis
Are large kidney stones that stay in the pelvis of the kidney symptomatic? no
What will large stones that are asymptomatic lead to? infection and hematuria
Smaller stones are more likely to enter and obstruct the ureter and create clinical symptoms of extreme colicky abdominal pain radiating from the flank to the groin.
Are small stones that are stuck in the ureter symptomatic? yes
This is the result of ureteral or urethral compression/obstruction and may be due to stones, prostatic hypertrophy, congenital defects, tumors, pregnancy, etc. URINARY OBSTRUCTION
Obstruction predisposes to infection and stone formation
refers to the dilatation of the renal pelvis and calyces due to the obstruction to the outflow of urine Hydronephrosis
hydronephrosis, caused from urinary obstruction is associated with progressive atrophy of the kidney leading to functional failure.
The renal changes become irreversible after about ________weeks of complete obstruction or of partial obstruction. three several months
If the obstruction is acute, there may be pain related to what two things? acute dilatation of collecting ducts or stretching of the renal capsule.
Gradual unilateral obstruction, either partial or complete, however may be asymptomatic and found only during evaluation of other problems
Depending on the site of obstruction, hydronephrosis may be unilateral or bilateral? both
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