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Functional Areas
AICP Exam Prep HCC - Functional Areas of Practice 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Hazard Mitigation Efforts | plan location and characteristics of development to reduce probability of damage from natural hazards |
| Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 | requires hazard mitigation plans |
| How do you integrate hazard mitigation into all local planning activities? | comprehensive plans, neighborhood plans, capital improvement plans, downtown and corridor plans |
| 1st City to Enact an Historic Preservation Ordinance? | Charleston, SC |
| Historic Preservation Tools | review standards, historic districts, ordinances, landmark preservation, commissions, adaptive reuse |
| Current US Housing Mix | Central Cities=31%, Suburbs=31%, Rural Areas=38% |
| Homelessness | 800,000 persons homeless each day |
| What contributes to homelessness? | poverty, unemployment, lack of affordable housing, domestic violence, lack of adequate care, substance abuse |
| Quasi-Governmental Housing Organizations | Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac |
| What percentage of mortgages in the US does Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac hold? | 80% - 90% |
| Housing Concerns and Trends | housing affordability, inclusionary zoning, fees-in-lieu, impact fee to fund affordable housing, group homes, halfway house, continuum of care, accessory dwelling units, adaptive reuse |
| Classification of Parks | total lots, neighborhood gardens, active parks, passive parks, greenways, metropolitan, community, neighborhood, pocket park |
| What is the typical size of a regional park? | 250 acres or 5 acres/1,000 people served |
| What is the typical size of a community park? | 20 acres or 3 acres/1,000 people served |
| What is the typical size of a neighborhood park? | 5 acres or 0.5 acres/1,000 people served |
| Estimating and serving the needs for social and health services | libraries, schools, medical facilities, childcare facilities, grocery stores, senior living facilities, mobility and recreation, sidewalks and paths, safe routes to school, parks and playgrounds, secure bicycle lanes |
| Components of Urban Design | vernacular architecture, context sensitive design, activity nodes, gridiron, cul-de-sac, gateways, view corridors, street connectivity, public realm, public spaces |
| At what level of government does basic transportation planning emanate and why? | federal level because of federal legislation, oversight, and funding |
| Federal transportation oversight controls what? | all interstates and US highways including operation and maintenance |
| What functions do Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPO) serve? | plan and program transportation for cities with populations of greater than 50,000 or areas of greater than 250,000 |
| What transportation functions do states serve? | administer the Federal Highway Administration and MPO programs and conduct state roadway programs for state highways |
| What transportation functions do cities and counties serve? | plan, partially fund, operate and maintain all local streets and roads |
| How do roads get planned and built? | Congress reauthorizes transportation bills every 5 years and program monies - states and MPO's prepare/update State Transportation Improvement Plans for planning and programming |
| What does planned mean in a transportation plan sense? | unfunded |
| What does programmed mean in a transportation plan sense? | funded |
| Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) Components | improves air quality, mitigates adverse impacts of transportation construction, facilitates and coordinates use of all modes, promotes planning and management of transfer of people and products among modes |
| What two purposes do streets and roads serve? | 1) provide mobility, 2) facilitate land access |
| Functional Classification of Streets | process of grouping streets and roads into classes or systems according to the function they are intended to provide |
| Urban Principal Arterial | serve longer trips, carry the highest traffic volumes, and carry a large percentage of the vehicle miles of travel (VMT) on minimum mileage and provide minimal land access |
| Urban Minor Arterial | interconnect principal arterials, provide less mobility and slightly more land access, and distribute travel to smaller geographic areas than principal arterials |
| Urban Collectors | provide both land access and traffic circulation with residential, commercial, and industrial areas by collecting and distributing traffic to these areas |
| Urban Local Streets | provide direct access to adjacent land and access to the higher classified streets |
| Rural Principal Arterials | serve longer trips of a statewide or interstate nature, carry the highest traffic volumes, connect larger urban areas, provide minimal land access, and include both interstate and non-interstate principal arterial highways |
| Rural Minor Arterials | interconnect principal arterials, provide less mobility and slightly more land access, and distribute travel to smaller towns and major resorts attracting longer trips |
| Rural Major Collectors | provide both land access and traffic circulation connecting county seats not served by arterials and connect intracounty traffic generators like schools, shipping points, county parks, and important mining and agricultural areas |
| Rural Minor Collectors | collect traffic from local roads and bring all developed areas within a reasonable distance of a collector road |
| Rural Local Roads | provide direct access to adjacent land and to the higher classified roads and serve short trips |
| What is Level of Service (LOS)? | the ability of the road and street network to accommodate traffic flow |
| What are some ways to improve the Level of Service? | build left turn bays, allow right turns on red, allow adequate space for traffic weaving, expand transit service, promote Transportation Demand Management (TDM), expand road and street capacity |
| Traffic Demand Management (TDM) | strategies such as encouraging high occupancy vehicles (HOV), building HOV lanes, ride sharing, encouraging home office arrangements, using alternative modes such as transit, cycling, and pedestrian traffic |
| Level of Service A | highest quality of service (free flow) - 15.4 or more square feet/passenger - .00 - .65 passengers/seat |
| Level of Service B | stable flow - 15.2 - 10.0 square feet/passenger - .66 - 1.00 passengers/seat |
| Level of Service C | stable flow but drivers are becoming restricted in their freedom to select speed, change lanes, or pass - 9.9 - 7.5 square feet/passenger - 1.01 - 1.50 passengers/seat |
| Level of Service D | approaching unstable flow - 6.6 - 5.0 square feet/passenger - 1.51 - 2.00 passengers/seat |
| Level of Service E | unstable flow with wide fluctuations in speed - 4.9 - 3.3 square feet/passenger - 2.01 - 3.00 passengers/seat |
| Level of Service F | forced flow operations - 3.2 - 2.6 square feet/passenger - 3.01 - 3.80 passengers/seat |
| Average Vehicular Trips per Single-Family Residential | 9.1 - 10.2 trips per unit |
| Average Vehicular Trips per Planned Unit Development (PUD) | 7.9 trips per unit |
| Average Vehicular Trips per Duplex/Townhouse | 7.0 trips per unit |
| Average Vehicular Trips per Apartments | 6.0 trips per unit |
| Average Vehicular Trips per Condominiums | 5.9 trips per unit |
| Average Vehicular Trips per Mobile Homes | 5.5 trips per unit |
| Average Vehicular Trips per Retirement Homes | 3.5 trips per unit |
| Benefits of Access Controls? | can improve congestion problems |
| What are some examples of access controls? | spacing access points, non-traversable medians, no left turns, requiring setbacks and frontage roads |
| What are the main functions of access controls? | maintaining the arterial design and function, improving safety by reducing vehicle conflicts, reducing travel time loss, avoiding problems from collector type access on principal arterial streets |
| What factors affect parking demand? | land and building use, cost of parking, socioeconomic factors of users, accessibility, alternative modes available, parking space availability |
| What are Surface Lot Parking Stall Size Widths and Angles? | widths: 8-9 feet - angles: 60-65 degrees |
| Can you accommodate an increase in parking with an increase the angle of the parking space? | YES - parking spaces can be reconfigured to accommodate a 20-25% increase in vehicles at an angle of 75-90 degrees |
| What are Parking Structure Parking Stall widths, lengths, and angles? | smaller cars: 7.5' wide x 16' long at a 90 degree angle - larger cars: 9.0' wide x 18' long at a 70 degree angle |
| What is the effect of the parking stall width on aisle space for ingress and egress from the parking spot? | smaller stall widths require more aisle space |
| What are the standard parking stall dimensions for a full size car? | 9' wide x 18-20' long |
| What are the standard parking stall dimensions for a smaller car? | 7.5-8.0' wide x 15-16' long |
| Parking Requirements: Shopping Center > 600,000 Sq Ft | 1.0 - 5.0 spaces per 1,000 Sq Ft GLA |
| Parking Requirements: Shopping Center < 600,00 Sq Ft | 1.0 - 4.0 spaces per 1,000 Sq Ft GLA |
| Parking Requirements: Office (GLA) | 0.5 - 3.0 spaces per 1,000 Sq Ft GLA |
| Parking Requirements: Office (Employee) | 0.1 - .75 spaces per employee |
| Parking Requirements: Medical Center (Bed) | .75 - 4.5 spaces per bed |
| Parking Requirements: Medical Center (Employee) | .10 - .75 spaces per employee |
| Parking Requirements: Industrial (GLA) | .67 - 3.5 spaces per 1,000 Sq Ft GLA |
| Parking Requirements: Industrial (Employee) | .36 - 1.6 spaces per employee |
| Parking Requirements: University/College (Student) | .10 - .50 spaces per student |
| Parking Requirements: University/College (Staff Person) | .80 spaces per staff person |
| Parking Requirements; Cinema | 10 - 85 spaces per screen |
| Parking Requirements: Hotel | .20 - 1.5 spaces per room |
| Parking Requirements: Restaurant | 5 - 25 spaces per 1,000 Sq Ft GLA |
| Parking Requirements: Residential | .20 - 2.0 spaces per unit |
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