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Spatial Areas
AICP Exam Prep HCC - Spatial Areas of Practice 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| National Level Planning involves what? | environment, transportation, housing, federal programs |
| How is national level planning defined? | by regulations that effect the entire country - NEPA regulations, actions of federal agencies (Ex. location of levees by the US Army Corp of Engineers) |
| Planning for Multi-State or Bi-State Regions involves what? | environment, transportation, may involve protection of water resources, air quality, or linkage of transportation systems |
| How is multi-state or bi-state regional planning defined? | by waterfront or history and culture (Ex, Chesapeake Bay watershed, New England, TVA, NY Port Authority) |
| Planning for State involves what? | environment, transportation, encouraging local communities to adopt building codes or to develop hazard mitigation plans, may address food issues |
| Dillon's Rule | relationship between a state and local govt whereas local jurisdictions have no powers except those explicitly assigned to them by the state |
| Home Rule | relationship between a state and local govt whereas local jurisdictions can do whatever they want unless the state specifically prohibits it - states transfer power to the local govt to adopt regulations |
| Planning for Sub-State Regions (Regional) involves what? | environment, transportation, corridors |
| How is planning for sub-state regions (regional) defined? | geography or by economic connections (Ex. Outer Bank in NC. Silicon Valley in CA) - economic factors (Ex. newspapers, shared television stations) |
| What are some aspects of sub-state (regional) planning? | larger the region, the more complex the planning because of the greater number of jurisdictions - local govts must recognize their dependence on one another to be effective - offers more comprehensive and integrated way to manage environment |
| Planning at the County Level involves what? | parks, transportation, land use |
| How is planning at the county level defined? | political boundaries (Ex. Christian County, KY) |
| What does planning at the county level address? | challenges facing local agriculture and implement policies to protect agricultural land from sprawl |
| Planning for Urban Areas involves what? | zoning, land use, redevelopment, parking, traffic, parks |
| How is planning for urban areas defined? | population or political boundaries (Ex. Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA) or Hopkinsville, KY) |
| What does planning for urban areas address? | large number of vacant lots in distressed areas and work to put them to productive use (Ex. community gardens and new residential development projects) |
| Planning for Suburban Areas involves what? | zoning, land use, infrastructure, sprawl, growth areas |
| How is planning for suburban areas defined? | style of land use or history of commuting patterns (Ex. northern suburbs of Washington, D.C.) |
| What does planning for suburban areas address? | suburban development contributes to the decline in the supply of farmland and is reducing capacity to produce food locally - concerns with the aging of infrastructure and challenges of infill development |
| Planning for Small Towns (Rural) involves what? | infrastructure, growth, employment opportunities, agriculture |
| How is planning for small towns (rural) defined? | political boundaries |
| What does planning for small towns (rural) address? | ordinances to regulate light, noise pollution and protect the character of a town, establishes soil and water conservation districts and land conservation measures (Ex. urban growth boundaries, greenways, conservation easements, land trusts) |
| Corridor Planning involves what? | transportation, circulation, access, streetscaping, signage |
| How is corridor planning defined? | an area of land along a linear route |
| At what scale is corridor planning? | it varies and it could involve several jurisdictions: could be a small part of an important commercial street or it could be a very large area such as I-95 from Boston to Washington, D.C. |
| What is the goal of corridor planning? | to coordinate capital improvements and accessibility along the corridor |
| Neighborhood Planning involves what? | this is the most detailed spatial area - involves residential, sidewalks, parks, character |
| How is neighborhood planning defined? | no universal way to define - could be defined by history, geography, street boundaries, administrative boundaries, socioeconomic factors, cultural traditions |
| What are some attributes of neighborhood planning? | established organizations, schools, commercial activities, recreational facilities, facade requirements for infill development to ensure compatibility with existing structures, access to supermarkets or prevalence of convenience stores |
| How is Waterfront Planning defined? | economic activities or location (Ex. Inner Harbor of Baltimore, Pike Place Market of Seattle) |
| What does waterfront planning address? | need to protect people, structures, and infrastructure from damage due to natural hazards (flooding, storm surge, landslide) |
| Historic District Planning involves what? | national register, landmarks, districts |
| How is historic district planning defined? | architecture and cultural traditions |
| 1st Historic District in US? | Charleston, SC |
| What does historic district planning include? | specific architectural requirements to ensure blending with the historic character of a district, measures to protect historic structures |
| Downtown Planning involves what? | traffic, mixed use, plazas, streetscaping, pedestrians, retail. identity/branding |
| How is downtown planning defined? | economic activity (Ex. central business district) |
| What are some attributes of downtown planning? | network of streets, specialty shops, public spaces, sidewalks and street trees, commercial and retail, dwelling units, civic structures, landmarks, public art |
| What can downtown planning include? | Business Improvement District (BID) and assessing a special tax to support activities that enhance the BID (Ex. sidewalk repairs, sidewalk snow removal, landscaping, festivals to promote the district) |
| What are some demographic trends in spatial areas of practice? | fastest growing/shrinking parts of the US - rust belt - aging society |
| What are some technological trends in spatial areas of practice? | GIS - ease of access to information - email communication - telecommuting/working from home |
| What are the principles of Smart Growth? | create a range of housing opportunities and choices - create walkable communities - strong sense of place - mixed land uses - preserve open space - variety of transportation choices - compact building design |
| What are some Smart Growth technologies? | urban growth boundaries, adequate public facilities, concurrency, reuse of existing buildings, impact fees |
| What is the goal of Smart Growth? | to fight sprawl |
| What are some of the impacts of Smart Growth? | higher density developments, increased utilization of existing infrastructure |
| What is the Census? | count of everyone living in the US every 10 years - mandated by Congress |
| What is the Census used for? | distribute Congressional seats, make decisions about what community services to provide, distribute $400 billion in federal funds to local, state, and tribal govts each year |
| What are some aspects of Transit Oriented Development? | mixed use to maximize access to public transit, encourage transit ridership, high-density development, excellent pedestrian facilities, discourages sprawl |
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