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Speech Science
06 Physiological Acoustics- Respiration
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 3 Speech Production Components | 1)Power Supply (the lungs) 2)Sound Source (vocal folds 3)System of Valves (articulators) |
| Speech Production Processes | *Respiration *Phonation *Articulation/Resonance |
| Mesurement of sound pressure | micro pascales uPa/cm2 |
| Mesurement of air pressure | cm H2O |
| What is used to measure Barometric Pressure? | Barometer |
| What is used to measure air Pressure? | Manometer |
| What sections of body participate in respiratory function? | Thorax & abdomen |
| Pulmonary System | *Upper Airways = nose, mouth, throat, & larynx *Lower Airways = trachea |
| 2 types of respration | 1) Quiet/Reflexive Respiration *Quiet Inspiration and Quiet Expiration 2) Active Respiration |
| Function of the diaphragm in quiet inspiration | *responsible for 75% of the muscular effort *pulls lungs down, increasing their vertical dimension |
| Function of the external intercostals in quiet inspiration | -responsible for 25% of the muscular effort -muscles found in spaces between ribs; raises each rib below |
| Negative Alveolar Pressure | -By increasing the size of the lungs, a partial vacuum is formed. This creates Negative Alveolar Pressure -Air rushes into the lungs to equalize the air pressure |
| Quiet Expiration | *non-muscular *When inspiratory muscles relax, the stretched lungs return to their normal resting size due to elasticity. *Thus, air expires due to the elastic recoil of the lungs |
| Active Respiration | *When you exercise conscious control of your respiratory system. *greater amount of air is inhaled *faster intake of air *more muscle groups involved *e.g.sucking through a straw , blowing up a balloon ,blowing out a candle,playing a wind instrument |
| Muscles of Active Inspiration | -diaphragm, external intercostals, and 9 different sets of muscles can be involved. Ex: Pectoralis0, Sternocleidomastoid , Latissimus Dorsi , Subclavius |
| Active Expiration | Used whenever expiratory demands are greater than can be achieved by the elastic recoil of the lungs alone |
| Muscles of Active Expiration | *involves 9 sets of muscles, including Internal Intercostals and a variety of Abdominal muscles |
| Relaxation Pressure | The pressure produced entirely by the elastic recoil of the lungs (non-muscular) |
| When are expiratory muscles used in respiration? | Any time the task requires more air than can be provided by relaxation pressure |
| When are inspiratory muscles used in expiration? | Any time the tasks demands LESS air than is provided by relaxation pressure. Slows down the rate of air coming out. Used for conversation speech, singing etc... |
| The only time expiratory muscles are used during speech is when... | the air flow demands are greater than can be produced by relaxation pressure. |
| 2 situations when expiratory muscles are used in speech | 1)Near the second half of an utterance, if the speaker chooses to finish a long sentence without pausing to take a breath 2)If the speaker shouts or talks louder than usual |
Created by:
aramos139
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